Inzalelwane yaseMpuma yeMeditera, i-kale ikhule iminyaka engamawaka. KwanamaGrike amandulo angena kwisenzo; ikhaphetshu enamagqabi asontekileyo yayixhaphakile ngenkulungwane yesi-4 BC.
Umzala othandwayo wekhaphetshu, ikale yasasazeka kwintshona yeYurophu ngenkulungwane ye-13, ekugqibeleni yaya kuMntla Melika ngenkulungwane ye-19. Kulula kwaye akubizi kakhulu ukukhula kwaye ngokungenakuphikiswa kunezondlo, akumangalisi ukuba oku kuthandwa kwemifuno kuye kwadlula ixesha elide.
Ukutyala i-kale yakho
I-Kale ikhula ngempumelelo zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kunye ne-pH efanelekileyo ye-6.5 ukuya kwi-6.8. Inokuphatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7.5, nangona kunjalo.
Egadini, ingatyalwa kwiiveki ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu phambi kokuba iqabaka yasentwasahlobo iphele, kodwa ifaneleke ngcono kubushushu obupholileyo basekwindla. Zijonge kwiiveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo phambi kweqabaka, cwangcisa izityalo kwiibhedi zemveli okanye eziphakanyisiweyo.
Ngaphakathi, beka izityalo zakho kwifestile enelanga, uqinisekise ukuba zifumana ukukhanya okwaneleyo. Imbiza eqhelekileyo enomngxuma wokuhambisa amanzi isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, ngelixa idome yokufuma ikhulisa ukuntshula kunye nokufuma ngokubanzi.
Iimfuno zesithuba se-kale
IKale ayifuni ndawo ibalulekileyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuyilima. Ngaphakathi, izityalo kufuneka ziqelelaniswe ngee-intshi ezisibhozo ukuya kwezilishumi elinambini, okanye zifakwe embizeni yodwa. Ngaphandle, umgama oqhelekileyo we-12' x 12' uqinisekisa ukuba isityalo ngasinye sifumana ukukhanya kwelanga okufanelekileyo, isichumiso, namanzi ngeli lixa unika amagqabi isithuba sokunaba.
Iimfuno zokukhanya kwelanga
IKale sesinye sezityalo ezimbalwa ezikhula kakuhle emthunzini, ezichumileyo kwiindawo ezilukhuni ezisibhozo, ezilithoba, nezili-10, eziquka iPasifiki kuMntla-ntshona, uninzi loMzantsi, amazwe ayintlango anjengeArizona, Nevada, Utah, neNew Mexico, kwaye nezona ndawo zishushu, iindawo ezishushu zaseCalifornia naseFlorida. Ngelixa ezinye izityalo zifuna iiyure ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo zokukhanya kwelanga, ikale idla ngokuphumelela ngeeyure nje ezimbalwa yonke imihla.
Iimfuno zokunkcenkceshela
Ukunkcenkceshela okungaguquguqukiyo yinto ekufuneka yenziwe ukuze ugcine isityalo sakho sakudala sikhula somelele. Injongo enye ukuya kwi-intshi ye-1.5 yamanzi ngeveki - izityalo kufuneka zifume ubuncinane i-intshi emhlabeni. Ukutya kubalulekile ngokulinganayo; sebenzisa ukutya kwezityalo okuqhubekekayo kunye nesigcina-kufuma ukugcina izityalo zipholile kwaye zincede ugcino lokufuma. Amagqabi amadala abangela ukuba i-kale yome kwaye ife, ngoko ke hlala uphezu kweli nyathelo.
Izinambuzane ezinokulimaza i-kale
Izityalo zakho ze-kale ziza kutsala uluhlu olubanzi lwezinambuzane, ngoko ke qaphela. Ibeet armyworms ziintshulube ezishiya ngasemva amagqabi agcwele imingxuma namathambo. Iimveliso zonyango ezithile ezifana ne-Bt zisebenza ngokumangalisayo.
Iintshulube zekhaphetshu ziwashiya ngasemva kwaloo magqabi ahlafunwayo, njengoko kwenza ooqongqothwane bekhaphetshu kunye nooqongqothwane. Iintwala zekhaphetshu, ngelixa ziyonakalisa, zinokupheliswa ngesepha ebulala izinambuzane. Sika ngokukhawuleza nawaphina amagqabi awosulelekileyo ukunciphisa ithuba lokusasazeka.
Izifo ezinokwenzeka
UKale udume ngokuba womelele, kodwa usesichengeni sezifo. Amachokoza amagqabi ebhaktiriya asasazeka ukusuka kumanzi atshizayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni abe tyheli. Ukubola okumnyama kukwasulela amagqabi, awajike abe mnyama namabala abuthuntu. Zombini ezi zifo zisenokubulala, ngoko beka phambili uthintelo ngokuqhamisa, ukugcina umoya omhle, ukuphelisa ukhula, nokuhlola rhoqo.
Izifo zefungal zinqabile kwi-kale, kodwa zinokutshabalalisa. Amachokoza amagqabi e-Alternaria abangela izilonda ezimnyama ezinokutshabalalisa isityalo sakho ngokukhawuleza. Gcina amagqabi omile ukunciphisa umngcipheko, landela amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuthintela, kwaye ucinge ukusebenzisa i-biofungicides.
Izondlo ezikhethekileyo
IKale idinga umhlaba otyebileyo ngezondlo kuwo wonke umjikelo wayo wokukhula, ngoko ke kungcono uqinisekise inqanaba lepH phambi kokuba utyale. Ngaba ufuna ukonyusa i-pH? Xuba kwi-compost enenitrogen eninzi. Isidlo segazi, isichumiso solwelo esinyibilikayo emanzini, yenye indlela ebalaseleyo. Lungiselela isityalo esikhulayo ngokugalela isichumiso ngexesha lonke lokutyala.
Ukusasaza i-kale yakho
Ukukhula kwakhona i-kale inokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo xa usebenzisa i-cuttings, kwaye konke okufunekayo ngamanyathelo amathathu alula. Okokuqala, khupha ii-intshi ezintathu eziphezulu ze-bud, kuquka namagqabi. Emva koko, gcobhoza isiqu kwihomoni yengcambu ukukhulisa ukukhula kwesityalo esitsha. Emva kokuba isikiwe kwaye yaditshwa, cwangcisa isiqu ngqo kwimbiza yakho yomgquba, uqinisekise ukuba ifumana izondlo ezininzi ngoko nangoko.
ukuphindaphinda intsingiselo yamanani
Ukuvuna i-kale yakho
Nje ukuba amagqabi alingane nesandla sakho, ulungele ukuvuna i-kale yakho. Qala ngamagqabi amadala kwindawo ephantsi yesityalo, ugweme i-terminal bud kwiziko eliphezulu; oku kugcina i-kale yakho ikhula yomelele. Khetha inqindi ngalinye isivuno, ulahle nawaphina amagqabi atyheli. Amagqabi amancinci, athambileyo aluncedo kwiisaladi, ngelixa ezinkulu zinokuphekwa njengesipinatshi.
Ngaba ufuna okungakumbi kwisivuno ngasinye? Yandisa umjikelo okhulayo ngokugcina i-kale ngaphandle kwengqele. Izigqubuthelo zomqolo zisebenza kakuhle, zinceda izityalo zikhule ngokuqhubekayo ukuya ekuqaleni kobusika. IKale iyakukhula de amaqondo obushushu afike kwi-20°F, ngoko ke uya kuba nokuninzi kokuhlala ixesha lonyaka.
Izibonelelo zekale
Nje ukuba i-kale yakho ilungele ukuvunwa, uyakonwabela ipleyiti eninzi yeenzuzo zempilo. Esinye sezidlo ezixinene kakhulu zezondlo emhlabeni, i-kale igcwele i-antioxidants enamandla, i-flavonoids, kunye ne-polyphenols, ezinceda ukuchasana nomonakalo omkhulu wamahhala, ukubuyisela ixesha ekugugeni, kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho womhlaza kunye nezinye izifo.
Ukubalwa kwayo okuphantsi kweekhalori kunceda ukunciphisa umzimba, ngelixa i-bile acid sequestrants inceda amanqanaba e-cholesterol ephantsi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo. Iivithamini A kunye no-C zidibanisa i-collagen, zikhusela iiseli, kwaye zomeleza amajoni akho omzimba. Enye yemithombo ephezulu yevithamin K, i-kale inceda ukuqiniswa kwegazi kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko we-osteoporosis.