I-Jupiter yeyona planethi inkulu kwisixokelelwano sethu selanga kwaye ijikeleza iLanga phakathi kweMars kunye neSaturn. Ithiywe kukumkani woothixo bamaRoma, ubunzima bayo bulingana nobunzima be317 Earths. Inkulu kangangokuba ingathatha iiplanethi ezilingana noMhlaba ezili-11 zibekwe kumgca othe tye ecaleni kwenye ukuze zilingane nobubanzi beJupiter. Iplanethi le ineenyanga ezininzi, ngenxa yobukhulu kunye nomxhuzulane. Kukho iinyanga ezingama-79 eziqinisekisiweyo malunga neJupiter. Uninzi lwezo nyanga zii-asteroids ezithathwe ngumxhuzulane, kodwa ezine zeenyanga zinkulu kuneeplanethi ezincinci, zizenza zibaluleke ngokwazo. Iinyanga ezingama-53 zinamagama. Iinyanga ezingama-26 zibalindile.
IiNyanga zaseGalili
Ezona nyanga zinkulu zaziwa ngokuba ziinyanga zaseGalili. Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi, uGalileo Galilei wazifumana ngowe-1610. Ezi zezona nyanga zinkulu kuzo zonke iinyanga zikaJupiter. Ziquka inyanga Callisto, Europa, Ganymede, kunye Io. Ezi nyanga zine zezona zinto zinkulu kwisixokelelwano sethu selanga emva kweLanga kunye neeplanethi ezisibhozo.
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IiNyanga zangaphakathi okanye iqela le-Amalthea
Kukho iinyanga ezine ngaphakathi kweeNyanga zaNgaphakathi okanye iqela le-Amalthea. Ezi nyanga zincinane kakhulu kuneenyanga zaseGalili kwaye zikufuphi neJupiter. Ezi nyanga zibizwa ngokuba liqela le-Amalthea ngegama lesathelayithi inkulu, iAmalthea, ezi nyanga zinezijikelezo eziphantse zibe zisazinge kwaye zibonelela ngothuli olugcina izazinge zeJupiter. Ezi nyanga ziquka iMetis, iAdrastea, iAmalthea, kunye neThebe.
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IiSathelayithi ezingaqhelekanga ezenza iiNyanga eziNgaphandle
Emva kweenyanga zaseGalile kuza iisathelayithi ezingaqhelekanga ezenza iiNyanga eziNgaphandle. Ezi sathelayithi zingaqhelekanga zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini ezihlukeneyo: iisathelayithi zokuphucula kunye neesathelayithi zokubuyisela umva. Ukuphucula kuthetha ukuba zijikeleza kwicala elinye neJupiter. Ukubuyela umva kuthetha ukuba bajikela kwelinye icala njengeJupiter.
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Io yinyanga yesihlanu ekufutshane neJupiter, kwaye yeyesithathu ngobukhulu kwiinyanga zeJupiter. Yeyona ndawo inentaba-mlilo eqhumayo kuzo zonke iinyanga ezineentaba-mlilo ezingaphezu kwama-400. I-Io igqunywe ngesulfure kwaye isondele kakhulu kwiJupiter kangangokuba iJupiter ibangela amaza e-Io. La maza aphezu komhlaba oqinileyo, kwaye akhula ukuya kuma-300 ezinyaweni ubude. La maza aphembelela umsebenzi we-Io wentaba-mlilo.
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IYurophu
I-Europa yinyanga yesithandathu ekufutshane neJupiter, kwaye yeyesine ngobukhulu kwiinyanga zeJupiter. Incinci ngokweyethu iNyanga, kodwa kucingelwa ukuba inamanzi aphindwe kabini kunoMhlaba. Umphezulu wayo wenziwe ngomkhenkce kwaye ubonisa iimpembelelo ezimbalwa ze-asteroid. I-Europa ibangel’ umdla kuba isenokugcina izinto eziphilayo kwiilwandlekazi zayo, kuba ifudunyezwa yimijelo yentaba-mlilo.
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Ganymede
IGanymede yinyanga yesixhenxe ekufutshane neJupiter, kwaye yeyona inkulu kwiinyanga. Inkulu kuneplanethi encinci, iPluto, kwaye inkulu kuneplanethi iMercury. IGanymede yahlukile kuba kuphela kwenyanga enemagnethi. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba iGanymede inokuba nolwandle olunamanzi anetyuwa oluvaleleke phakathi komkhenkce okwiikhilomitha ezingama-200 ngaphantsi komhlaba. Ukwanawo nomoya weoksijini omncinci kakhulu.
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Callisto
ICallisto yinyanga yesibhozo ekufutshane neJupiter, kwaye yeyesibini ngobukhulu kwiinyanga. Nangona inkulu, iphantse ilingane neplanethi yeMercury, yenziwe ngumkhenkce namatye. Olu qulunqo lunika isinye kwisithathu kuphela ubunzima beMercury. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba iCallisto inokuba namanzi angamanzi amalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-300 ngaphantsi kwendawo ephawulwe ngayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ngumgqatswa wobomi bakhe bonke. Izele zizithonga ze-asteroid, kuquka i-3000 yeemitha i-Valhalla crater, eyona inkulu kwisixokelelwano selanga.
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Iqela le-Amalthea
IQela le-Amathea liquka inyanga i-Metis, i-Adrastea, i-Amalthea, kunye ne-Thebe. I-Amalthea yinyanga yesihlanu ngobukhulu, kwaye iThebe yinyanga yesixhenxe enkulu kuzo zonke iinyanga zeJupiter. Zitshixeke ngokucokisekileyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zibonisa icala elinye kwiJupiter kwiindlela zazo ezijikeleze iplanethi ebomvu. Izazinzulu zazi nge-Amalthea ixesha elide njengoko u-Edward Emerson Barnard wayifumanisa ngo-1892.
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IiSathelayithi zoPhuculo oluNgaqhelekanga
Iisathelayithi ezininzi zokuphucula zenza inxalenye yeenyanga zangaphandle zeJupiter. Zonke ezi nyanga zinee-eccentric orbits, kwaye zonke zibonakala zinemilo engaqhelekanga. Ezi ziquka iThemisto, iCarpo, i-S/2016 J 2, kunye neqela le-Himalia. Iqela le-Himalia kukholelwa ukuba kukuqhekeka kwe-asteroid ukusuka kwibhanti ye-asteroid.
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IiSathelayithi zoBuyiselo-phantsi ezingaqhelekanga
Iisathelayithi ezininzi zokubuyisela umva zenza inxalenye yeenyanga zangaphandle zeJupiter. Zonke ezi nyanga zinee-eccentric orbits, kwaye zonke zibonakala zinemilo engaqhelekanga. Ezi ziquka iqela leCarme, iqela le-Ananke, kunye neqela lePasiphae. Ezi nyanga zinokubelana ngemvelaphi enye.
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