Yintoni i-Id, i-Ego, kunye ne-Superego?

Ngama-1920, i-Austrian neurologist kunye ne-psychologist, uSigmund Freud, waqala wazisa ingcamango ye-ego, id, kunye ne-superego njengeebhloko zokwakha zobuntu bomntu. Ngokubhekiselele kuFreud, ezi zinto zintathu zinegalelo kwindlela esibona ngayo kunye nokusebenzisana nehlabathi. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-id, i-ego, kunye ne-superego ikwachaphazela ukuba kutheni abantu benza njengoko benzayo. Le ithiyori ibizwa ngokuba yimodeli kaFreud yesakhiwo sengqondo.

Ezantsi Ezantsi kwi-Id

Ngokutsho kukaFreud, i-id yingcambu yamandla ethu engqondo. Le nxalenye yengqondo iphendula kwiimfuno zethuku kunye nezakudala: indlala, ukufuna, inkanuko yesini, kunye nobundlongondlongo. I-id ikhona kuphela ngokomgaqo 'wolonwabo,' kwaye yenza zonke izigqibo zayo ngokusekelwe koku. Sinokubhekisela koku njengolwaneliseko olukhawulezileyo, nokuba ithini imiphumo.

iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-tutus

Ukujonga Emva kweNombolo enye

Impembelelo yoMgaqo woNgcono ithetha ukuba ukuba i-id ifuna into kwaye ayifumani ngokukhawuleza, inokudala imeko yokuxhalaba okanye ukuxhatshazwa. UFreud wayekholelwa ukuba abantu bazalwa benaloo mnqweno, njengoko le yindlela iintsana ezisebenza ngayo. Usana lulawulwa ngokupheleleyo yi-id kwaye lufuna ulwaneliseko olukhawulezileyo -- ukuba abalufumani, luyakhala lude luyenze. Le ndlela yokusabela ibalulekile ukuze umntu aphile kwasekuqaleni.

Umyeni wakho mhle?

Njengoko abantu bekhula, bafunda ukulawula id yabo. Nangona isoloko inempembelelo yayo kubuntu, ngakumbi xa isukela uyolo, ithotywa kukudibana kwe-ego kunye ne-superego, ethi xa idibene yenza abantu baziphathe ngendlela efanelekileyo neyamkelekileyo ekuhlaleni.

Ego, Ego, Ego

Ngokutsho kukaFreud, i-ego ikhula kwi-id. Yinxalenye yobuntu bomntu enoxanduva lokujongana nenyaniso, kwaye iyakhula njengoko sikhula. I-ego ikhona ngokomgaqo 'wokwenyani,' ukukwazi ukulinganisa izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zemeko ngaphambi kokuba wenze into ethile.

I-Ego enengqiqo kakhulu

Umgaqo wokwenyani uyalela i-ego ukulinganisa iindleko kunye neenzuzo ngaphambi kokuba wenze into. I-id iyasilumkisa ngokufuna kwethu into, kwaye i-ego ilibazisa ukwaneliseka kude kube lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuyanelisa. UFreud wathelekisa id kunye ne-ego nehashe nomkhweli walo. Umkhweli (i-ego) unokulawula aze akhokele ihashe (i-id) apho linokutya lize lisele kwaye ngaloo ndlela lanelise iimfuno zalo.

Ukwaneliseka okulibazisekileyo

Eyona ndlela ilula yokuba i-ego ilawule i-id kukudala imeko yokulibaziseka kokwaneliseka. Khawucinge ukuba uphakathi kwintlanganiso kwaye ulambile. I-id iya kukukhuthaza ukuba uvuke ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufumane into yokutya. Nangona kunjalo, i-ego inokulawula imeko ngokulibazisa ukwaneliseka kunye nokwazisa i-id yakho ukuba kuya kubakho ukutya kungekudala. Kwaye ke ulinda de kube sekupheleni kwentlanganiso kwaye uye kwisidlo sasemini. I-ego ifumana kwaye ifumane ukhetho lwehlabathi lokwenyani ukwanelisa iimfuno ze-id.

layisha isizini 2 umhla wokukhutshwa

Emva koko kwafika iSuperego

I-superego yinxalenye yobuntu apho sigcina ukuziphatha kwethu kunye nokuziphatha kwethu. Likhaya kwimvakalelo yethu yangaphakathi yokulungileyo nokungalunganga esiyifumana kuluntu, kubanonopheli, kunye noluntu. Ngokutsho kukaFreud, i-superego iqala ukukhula malunga neminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Le nxalenye yengqondo ikwayindlela esigqiba ngayo izikhokelo zokugweba kunye nokwenza izigqibo.

Iinxalenye zeSuperego

I-superego inceda ukugcina ukuziphatha kwethu kujonge ngenxa yendalo yayo emibini. I-Ego Ideal ngumgangatho wegolide wokuziphatha komntu. Siyazi ukuba xa siziphatha ngolu hlobo, siya kuba neqhayiya, saneliseke yaye siphumeze okuthile. Isazela ngumgcini-sango ngokuchasene neyona ndlela yokuziphatha kwethu imbi. Siyazi ukuba xa siwela isazela sethu, siya kuziva sinetyala, sineentloni kwaye sizisola. I-superego ithatha yonke into malunga nendlela esiziphatha ngayo kwaye ibeka umgangatho ofanelekileyo wokuba ngoyena mntu ubalaseleyo.

Umba Wokulungelelana

Indalo kaFreud ye-id, i-ego, kunye ne-superego yayimalunga nokuchaza ukuziphatha komntu. Ngelixa ngamnye enoxanduva lwenxalenye eyahlukileyo yokuziphatha kwethu, ayingomaqela ahlukeneyo. Kunoko, bahlala benxibelelana kwaye bagqithise omnye komnye. Xa zisebenza kakuhle, uFrud wayekholelwa ukuba umntu unokonwabela ubomi obunoxolo kunye nengqondo elungeleleneyo.

Ukuhamba kwiTightrope

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba intsebenziswano phakathi kwe-id, i-ego, kunye ne-superego iba nzima kakhulu, oku kunokubangela ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi. UFreud waqulunqa ibinzana elithi 'ego amandla' ukuchaza indlela i-ego enokuqhubeka ngayo isebenza kwaye ikhona kwihlabathi lenene, nangona kukho umzabalazo phakathi kwe-id kunye ne-superego. Njengoko uFreud wabona, umntu onamandla e-ego uhlala elinganisiwe. Ngamandla amancinane kakhulu e-ego, banokuphazamisa kwaye baphazamiseke okanye bangayekeleli kakhulu.