Zeziphi ezona ntaba zinde eMhlabeni?

Xa wabuzwa isizathu sokuba afune ukunyuka eyona ntaba inde ehlabathini, umhloli wamazwe uGeorge Mallory waphendula edume ngelithi, 'Kungenxa yokuba ikho.'

Kuninzi lwethu, ukuma eluphahleni lwehlabathi liphupha lasemini - okanye iphupha elibi - ayisoze yenzeke loo nto. Nangona kunjalo, akuyomfuneko ukuba ube ngumntu onqwenela ukunyuka intaba ukuze uxabise ubuhle bendalo bencopho enkulu, engumnqantsa kunye nekhephu. Nangona abantu abaninzi besazi ukuba i-Everest yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo emhlabeni, bambalwa abazaziyo zonke ezona ntaba ziphakamileyo.

Mount Everest

Eyaziwa ngokuba yiSagarmatha eNepal kunye neChomolungma eTibet, ihlabathi lasentshona liyazi eyona ntaba iphakamileyo njenge-Everest. Ethiywe ngo-Edmund Hillary - umkhweli wokuqala oqinisekisiweyo ukufikelela kwincopho ngo-1953, intaba yayidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiPeak XV. Ikhatshwa nguSherpa Tenzing Norgay wasekhaya, kwathatha la madoda mabini iiveki ezisixhenxe ukuba ahlangane.

Le ntaba iimitha ezingama-8,848 (iinyawo ezingama-29,029) iye yasuba ubomi obungaphezulu kwama-297 njengoko abantu bezama ukufikelela encochoyini. Ngenxa yobushushu obuqhaqhazelisa amazinyo, umphezulu we-Everest ugutyungelwe likhephu kunye nomkhenkce ngokusisigxina obonakalise ubulalayo kwabanye abakhweli. Uninzi lwabakhweli luzabalaza namaqondo obushushu aphantsi kunye namanqanaba aphantsi oksijini njengoko benyuka. Ngesiqhelo, abantu bathatha iitanki zeoksijini ukuze zibancede baphefumle, kodwa ngo-1978 uReinhold Messner waba ngumqaphi wokuqala ukuya encochoyini ngaphandle kwetanki yeoksijini.

K2

Intaba yesibini ephakamileyo yi K2 ekwaziwa ngamanye amaxesha njenge Mount Godwin Austen owayengumhambi ohamba kule ndawo. Igama elithi K2 linxulumene nophawu oluphawulwe ngumhloli wentaba xa kuzotywa iimephu zokuqala zale ndawo. Ngokunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kude kakhulu kwendawo, i-K2 ayinalo igama eliqinisekisiweyo lendawo okanye lemveli.

Ilinganiswe kwi-8,611 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle (28,251 iinyawo) intaba inqumla umda ophakathi kwePakistan neChina. Ithathwa ngabakhweli njengemvume ecela umngeni kuneMount Everest, iK2 yincopho eyingozi. Malunga nomntu omnye uphulukana nobomi bakhe kwi-K2 kubo bonke abane abafike ngempumelelo encotsheni.

Kangchenjunga

Kwiimitha ezingama-8,586 (iinyawo ezingama-28,169) iKangchenjunga yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo yesithathu ehlabathini kodwa ayidumanga njengeyokuqala neyesibini ukuphakama. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba iindlela zale mihla zokuhlola zivumele abenzi beemaphu ukuba balinganise ubude beentaba ngokuchanekileyo, kwakucingwa ukuba iKangchenjunga yeyona inde ehlabathini. Kwakungekho de kwango-1852 apho iKangchenjunga yaphinda yabhalwa kwindawo yesithathu ephezulu. Le ntaba imi kumda ophakathi kweNepal neIndiya kwaye inokunyukwa ngapha nangapha.

Abokuqala ukunyuk’ intaba yayinguJoe Brown noGeorge Band abanyuka ngowe-1955. Eneneni abazange beme kwincopho yentaba njengoko babethembise abantu basekuhlaleni ukuba babengayi, ukuze babonise intlonelo ngenkolelo yabo yokuba le ntaba ingcwele. Esi siko siyaqhubeka namhlanje, oko kuthetha ukuba ingqungquthela yeKangchenjunga ayizange inyuswe.

Lhotse

I-Lhoste yintaba yesine ephakamileyo kwi-8,516 yeemitha (iinyawo ezingama-27,940). Ibekwe kwii-Himalayas, iLhoste yinxalenye yoluhlu lweMalangur kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwiMount Everest. Ukuguqulelwa ngokwenyani kwegama lentaba 'yincopho esemazantsi' kwintetho yengingqi yaseTibet kuba njengoko ijongwa isuka eTibet Lhoste ijonge emazantsi e-Everest.

Incopho ephakathi yeLhoste yahlala ingoyiswanga iminyaka emininzi kwaye yayiyeyona ntaba iphakamileyo ingazange inyuswe kumashumi eminyaka. Kwaba ngo-2001 apho iqela laseRashiya elikhokelwa ngu-Eugeny Vinogradsky lafika okokuqala kwingqungquthela.

Makalu

Kwakhona kufunyenwe kwi-Mahalangur uluhlu lwe-Himalayas Makalu yi-8,485 yeemitha (iinyawo ezingama-27,838) ukuphakama. Le ntaba iphakathi kwemida yaseTshayina, iNepal neTibet.

Njengoninzi lwezona ntaba zinde, iMakalu yaqalwa ukunyuka ngeminyaka yoo-1950. Iqela laseFransi elalikhokelwa nguJean Franco lafika encotsheni ngo-1955, laza laseka indlela eqhelekileyo elandelwa ngabakhweli kude kube namhlanje.

inqanaba eliphantsi elifunwayo

Cho Oyu

UCho Oyu uthetha 'uthixokazi weTurquoise' ngolwimi lwasekhaya lwaseTibet. Ilinganiswe kwi-8,188 yeemitha (iinyawo ezingama-26,864) intaba yesithandathu ephakamileyo iyinxalenye yoluhlu lwe-Himalayan Mahalangur.

ICho Oyu ihleli kufutshane nendlela yakudala yokurhweba edibanisa uluntu lwaseSherpa. Ngenxa yolu fikelelo lula, iCho Oyu ithathwa njengeyona ntaba ifikelelekayo kwelishumi iphakamileyo ukukhwela. Eyokuqala yahlanganiswa ngo-1954 ngohambo lwase-Austrian, i-Cho Oyu yayiyincopho ephezulu yakhwela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iitanki ze-oksijini kwaze kwaba yilapho i-Everest ikhuphuka ngaphandle kwe-oksijini kwi-1978.

Dhaulagiri One

Kwiimitha ze-8,167 (iinyawo ezingama-26,795) i-Dhaulagiri I yintaba yesixhenxe emide kunazo zonke emhlabeni kwaye iphakamileyo ngaphakathi komda welizwe elinye. Abantu basekuhlaleni baseNepal bayibiza le ntaba igama elithetha 'intaba emhlophe eqaqambileyo' ngolwimi lwabo.

Ngowe-1960 iqela lokuqala eliphumeleleyo lafikelela encotsheni. Abakhweli baseAustria nabaseSwitzerland babekhokelwa nguMax Eiselin.

Manaslu

I-Manaslu yi-8,163 yeemitha (26,781 iinyawo) ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kunye nentaba yesibhozo ephakamileyo emhlabeni. Intaba iseNepal kuluhlu lweMansiri Himal lweHimalaya. Kulwimi lwasekuhlaleni lwesiSanskrit, iManaslu ithetha 'umphefumlo' ebonisa intlonipho engcwele abantu baseNepal abanayo kule ntaba.

Iqela lokuqala elifike encotsheni laliyinxalenye yohambo lwaseJapan. Abakhweli uToshio Imanishi noGyalzen Norbu bema kwisamithi ngomhla we-9 kaMeyi ka-1956.

Indawo ekhethekileyo yaseManaslu yenze intlambo ekhuselekileyo kunye ne-ecosystem yeentaba, ikhaya lezilwanyana ezininzi ezisengozini kubandakanya i-Snow Leopard.

Nanga Parbat

Intaba yesithoba ephakamileyo yi-Nanga Parbat kwi-8,126 yeemitha (iinyawo ezingama-26,660) ubude. Ifumaneka kwintshona ye-Himalayas Nanga Parbat ngaphakathi kwemida yePakistan.

Ngenxa yokuba ikufuphi neTibet, abanye abantu bayibiza le ntaba ngegama layo lesiTibet elithi Deo Mir eliguqulela 'kwintaba enkulu.' Isiteketiso esiqhelekileyo seNaga Parbat 'yiNtaba yoMbulali' ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokufa kwabo bazama ukukala le ncopho. Nangona abantu ababhubhileyo abangama-85 bengaphantsi kunama-297 ase-Everest, le ntaba isagqalwa njengokunyuka okuyingozi. Igama lesidlaliso livela kwi-31 yokufa entabeni ngaphambi kokuba ingqungquthela ifike kuqala kwi-1953 ngumkhweli wase-Austrian yedwa uHermann Buhl. Olo hambo lwangaphumeleliyo ngowe-1934 lwaba yeyona ntlekele inkulu ngexesha apho abantu abalishumi baphulukana nobomi babo. Noko ke, namhlanje eli phulo libi lidume ngakumbi njengoko lalixhaswa ngemali ngokupheleleyo ngumbutho wamaNazi kaHitler.

Annapurna One

I-Annapurna I yeyona ndawo iphakamileyo yoluhlu lwe-Annapurna Massif kwiiHimalaya zaseNepalese. Kwiimitha ze-8,091 (iinyawo ezingama-26,545) i-Annapurna I yintaba yeshumi ephakamileyo emhlabeni kwaye enye yeshumi elinesine ngaphezu kweemitha ze-8,000 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Yaba yeyokuqala kwezi ntaba zinde ukunyuswa. Noko ke, ngesantya sokufa kwabantu abangama-32 ekhulwini kwabo bazama ukufikelela encotsheni, iAnnapurna I ikwayeyona iyingozi kuzo zonke iintaba ezingaphezu kweemitha ezingama-8 000 ukuphakama.