I-oligarchy, ngokwengqiqo yayo ecocekileyo, liqela elincinci labantu abalawula iqela elikhulu kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo intlangano, ilizwe, okanye uluntu. Eli gama lihlala libhidaniswa kunye nezinye iindlela zoorhulumente, ngakumbi ubuzwilakhe kunye nobukomanisi, akukho nanye ehambelanayo nenkcazo eyinyani ye-oligarchy. Njengazo zonke iintlobo zokulawula, kukho izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kwesi simbo solawulo, kwaye imizekelo iqaqambisa ezi mpawu.
Igama elithi 'Oligarch' laqala ngamaGrike
Isithandi sobulumko nesazinzulu esingumGrike wamandulo uAristotle (malunga nowama-384 B.C. ukusa kowama-322 B.C.) wayila ibinzana elithi ‘oligarkhes’ ukuze lithethe ‘ulawulo lwabambalwa.’ U-Aristotle wayekholelwa ukuba i-oligarchy yayiluhlobo olubi lorhulumente kuba lukhokelela kumaqela alawulayo alawula kuphela iimfuno zawo, engayihoyi loo minqweno yakhe nabani na ongaphandle kwendawo yabo, ngokuqhelekileyo amahlwempu angabonakaliyo.
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liliphi ixesha isiganeko esilandelayo se-fortnite
Malunga ne-Elite eLawulayo
Kwi-oligarchy, abo balawulayo basenokuba bafumene igunya ngenxa yokuzalwa okubekekileyo, ubutyebi, amaqhina entsapho, unqulo, imfundo, ushishino, okanye ulawulo lomkhosi. Iqela eliphetheyo lisondelelene kakhulu; ngokufuthi abafuni ukwabelana ngempembelelo yabo nayo nayiphi na into enganxulumananga nabo ngokokuzalwa, umtshato, okanye isikhundla.
Majid Saeedi / Getty Imifanekiso
Iinzuzo ze-Oligarchy
I-Oligarchies ikhona xa umbutho unikezela amandla kwiqela elincinane labantu abanolwazi kunye nefuthe. Oku akusoloko kuyinto embi. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukunika amandla kwiqela leengcaphephe zangaphakathi kuphela kwendlela yokusebenza kombutho. Enye ipro kukuba izigqibo ezenziwe yi-oligarchy zihlala zigcinwe kuba injongo kukugcina imeko ekhoyo. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuba nayiphi na inkokeli enye iya kukhokelela uluntu kumaphulo anobungozi.
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IiPros ezingakumbi
Ekubeni iqaqobana labantu lisenza izigqibo, intlangano iphela isenokuwubetha ngoyaba umsebenzi oyindinisa wokulawula. Endaweni yoko, banokuchitha ixesha labo besenza ezinye izinto, njengokugxila kwimisebenzi yabo, ukuphucula ubudlelwane babo, ukwenza ubugcisa obuhle, okanye ukuyila izinto ezimangalisayo.
Umzantsi afrika vs England usasazo ngqo
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Iingxaki ze-Oligarchy
I-negatives ye-oligarchy ingaphezulu lee kwizinto ezilungileyo. I-oligarch ihlala ikhokelela ekwandeni kokungalingani kwengeniso. Oku kubangelwa kukuba iinkokeli zizihlutha ngokwazo uninzi lobutyebi boluntu zishiya obuncinane kumntu wonke. Umzekelo, umvuzo we-CEO yenkampani udla ngokuphindwe kalikhulu kunoninzi lwabasebenzi bakhe.
Imifanekiso yeDNY59 / Getty
Ububi obungakumbi
IiOligarchies nazo zisemngciphekweni wokukhula kudala. Abalawuli bakhetha amalungu abelana ngemilinganiselo kunye nemibono efanayo. Oku kungabikho kweyantlukwano kukhokelela ekwehleni kobuchule bokudala kunye nokulahleka kwamandla. Umbutho olawulayo liqela elivaliweyo elingenamdla wokwabelana ngobutyebi namandla alo. Bawagcina amandla abawafumanayo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba umntu wangaphandle angagqobhoze. Kuxa kuzanywa, okanye ukubhukuqwa kweqela elilawulayo kusenzeka, nto leyo edla ngokukhokelela ekubeni kungabikho amandla.
Indoda_Half-tube / Getty Imifanekiso
Izizathu zokuba kutheni i-Oligarchies iFom
- Xa iinkokeli ezilungileyo kwinto eziyenzayo zivuma ukwandisa amandla azo kungakhathaliseki inzuzo okanye umonakalo kuwo wonke umbutho.
- Ukumkani obuthathaka okanye uzwilakhe unika amaqabane amandla, ngaloo ndlela ebavumela ukuba bambhukuqe baze benze eyabo i-oligarchy.
- Ukuba abantu kwidemokhrasi abahlali benolwazi kwaye bebandakanyeka, banokuvuma ukuvumela abo banomdla kunye nolwazi ukuba bathathe iintambo.
Baz777 / Getty Imifanekiso
Oorhulumente beOligarchy: eRashiya
Kwabaninzi abangaphandle kweRashiya, uVladimir Putin ubonakala eyinkokeli, kodwa enyanisweni, uyinxalenye ye-oligarchy eye yalawula ilizwe ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-1400. Kwiioligarchies ezininzi, inkokeli yezopolitiko, nokuba ngumongameli okanye i-tzar, ibonwa kwizityebi ezixhasa ngemali le mali.
China kunye neSaudi Arabia
- Emva kokufa kukazwilakhe waseTshayina uMao Tse-Tung ngowe-1976, i-oligarchy yasekwa ngamalungu ali-103 eentsapho eziphuma kwiqela labavukeli abangamaKomanisi abancedisa ekusekweni kwePeople's Republic of China ngowe-1949. amashishini karhulumente. Basebenzisane kwizivumelwano zoshishino, bade batshatele kwiintsapho zomnye.
- Ubukumkani baseSaudi Arabia abuqhutywa naliphi na ilungu lentsapho yasebukhosini, okwenza ilizwe libe yi-oligarchy. Inkokeli yabelana ngamandla kunye nenzala kaKumkani uAbd al-Aziz al-Sa'ud, owaseka ilizwe kwaye wayenoonyana abangama-44 kunye nabafazi abayi-17.
Imifanekiso kaDan Kitwood / Getty
Ngaba iUnited States iba yiOligarchy?
Iingcali zezoqoqosho ziqikelela ukuba i-US ihamba ngolu hlobo. Enye iflegi enkulu yesilumkiso kukwandiswa komsantsa phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu. Ukusukela ngo-1979, imivuzo yoyena mntu uphezulu wabamkelayo inyuke yaya kutsho kuma-400 epesenti ngeli lixa lowo wama-99 ekhulwini umile. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lufumanise ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo ethandwa zezona zityebi ishumi ekhulwini labantu baseMerika badlula ngokufuthi kunabo bangamahlwempu angama-50 ekhulwini. Ngokusisiseko, ukuba izityebi ziyawuchasa umgaqo-nkqubo, akunakwenzeka ukuba udlule, nokuba bangaphi abantu abakumgangatho ophakathi baseMelika abawuthandayo.
Spencer Platt / Getty Imifanekiso
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