IKhemistri lisebe lesayensi elinomdla elijongene nonxibelelwano kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwezinto kunye namandla. Ibandakanya ukudalwa kwemathiriyeli ngokudibanisa izinto ezikwimo yeathom zibe ngamaqela abizwa ngokuba ziimolekyuli, kunye neempendulo ezithi zenzeke phakathi kwezi zinto zineziphumo. Kwinkqubo yophando kunye nokuqonda olu nxibelelwano, imithetho eyahlukeneyo, okanye imithetho yesayensi, iye yaphuhliswa. Enye yale migaqo yenzululwazi esebenza kuzo zonke iikhemikhali, ezomzimba okanye ezinye intsebenziswano ibizwa ngokuba ngumthetho wogcino lobunzima.
Ingcaciso
Umthetho wogcino lobunzima uthi xa ukusabela kweekhemikhali kusenzeka kwinkqubo evaliweyo, into ayinakuze idalwe okanye itshatyalaliswe kodwa endaweni yoko iguqulwa ngokulula. Umcimbi unokutshintsha ifom, utshintshwe kwimichiza yawo, okanye ulahlekelwe okanye uguqule ezininzi zeempawu zayo, kodwa ubuninzi bobunzima obungena kwi-equation yeekhemikhali buhlala bufana nobuninzi ekugqibeleni.
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Inkqubo evaliweyo
Umthetho wokugcinwa kobunzima usebenza kuphela kwiimpendulo ezenzeka kwinkqubo evaliwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba ukusabela kwenzeka kwindawo evezwe kumbandela okanye amandla angaphandle, inokufumana ubunzima kolu nxibelelwano lwangaphandle okanye ilahlekelwe bubunzima kubo endaweni yoko. Kubalulekile xa usebenzisa umgaqo walo mthetho ukuba yinkqubo eqinisekisiweyo evalwe ngokupheleleyo.
iinwele nge-scrunchies
RomoloTavani / Getty Imifanekiso
Ukufunyanwa
Kukho ukungaqiniseki malunga nokuba ngubani owaqala wafumanisa umthetho wogcino lobuninzi. Ingxelo yokuqala yesazinzulu esikhankanya lo mthetho kwincwadi yeziganeko zenzululwazi yaseRashiya uMikhail Lomonosov, ebhalwe ngovavanyo awalwenzayo ngowe-1756. Noko ke, isazinzulu esingumFrentshi uAntoine Lavoisier senza uhlolisiso olubanzi ngokuphathelele esi siganeko, yaye ngowe-1774 sabhala iinkcukacha ezininzi yaye iinkcazelo malunga nomthetho.
igadi ethe nkqo ye-diy hydroponic
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Susa i-Alchemy
Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kumthetho wogcino lobunzima kukuba uye wanceda ukuphambukisa uluntu lwamandulo lwezenzululwazi kude nenkohliso engeyiyo inzululwazi ebizwa ngokuba yialchemy. Iimfundiso ze-alchemy zazigxile kwinkolelo yokuba izinto zinokudalwa ngokusabela kweekhemikhali, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukwenza izinto ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide ngenkqubo yesayensi. Izazinzulu ezininzi zazithengile kwezi mfundiso, kwaye umthetho wogcino lobuninzi uye wanceda ekupheliseni ezi ntsomi kwaye wabuyisela iingqondo ezininzi ezilungileyo kwisayensi enokuqinisekiswa.
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Ukungqinelana ngoTshintsho
Kwinkqubo ye-chemical reaction, umthetho wokugcinwa kobunzima uyasebenza nangona iziphumo ze-chemical reaction zingavelisa utshintsho olukhulu kwizinto ezibandakanyekayo ekuphenduleni. Inkcazo yonke yezinto inokutshintsha, kwaye iimpawu zabo zomzimba zinokuguqulwa zibe kwimeko eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa nangona zonke ezi nguqu zinokuthi zenzeke, umthetho useyinyaniso kwaye ubunzima obupheleleyo besiphumo buya kuhlala budibanisa. kwisixa esasikho ekuqaleni.
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Umthetho weLavoisier
Umthetho wogcino lobunzima ngamanye amaxesha waziwa njengoMthetho kaLavoisier. Oku kungenxa yophando olubanzi kunye namaxwebhu anikezelwe ngusokhemisti waseFransi kuphando lwakhe ngalo mbandela. Uzukiswa ngokuchaza umthetho xa wathi iiathom zento azinakudalwa okanye zitshatyalaliswe, kodwa endaweni yoko, zishukunyiswa nje zijikeleziswa kwaye zitshintshwe zibe ngamasuntswana okanye iimolekyuli ezahlukeneyo.
222 ingelosi inani elithetha uthando
Bonilla1879 / Getty Imifanekiso
Sister Laws
Umthetho ofana nomthetho wogcino lobuninzi ngumthetho wogcino lwamandla. Kuba ubunzima kunye namandla zinxibelelana ukwenza zonke iintshukumo kwihlabathi elisingqongileyo, imithetho efanayo isebenza kuzo zombini inkqubo yazo zonke iintshukumo zemichiza okanye ukusebenzisana okwenzekayo. Le mithetho mibini isoloko isetyenziswa ngapha nangapha kwaye ijongwa njengemithetho emibini yezenzululwazi.
Pattadis Walarput / Getty Imifanekiso
Ukuqwalaselwa Kwangoko
AmaGrike amandulo enza iimbekiselo ezininzi kwinkolelo yokuba ubungakanani bento, eneneni, yayilinganiselwe yaye ayinakudalwa okanye itshatyalaliswe. Uninzi lwezi ngqalelo zeza ngexesha laxa babeqwalasela iibhloko zokwakha ezisisiseko zazo zonke izinto, abathi baqulunqa iiathomu. Iatomo iya kuthi kamva ibe yiathom, kwaye ibonwe njengesiseko sabo bonke ubunzima. Iiathom zidibana nezinye iiathom ukuze zenze iimolekyuli. Zingamacandelo azo zonke izinto ezisingqongileyo kwindalo iphela.
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Unxibelelwano lwefilosofi
Izithandi zobulumko zamaGrike nazo kuthiwa zanxibelelanisa imigaqo efanayo kumthetho wolondolozo lwendalo. Nangona ingabhekiseli kwisayensi kodwa kwiimvavanyo zabo zefilosofi yobomi ngokubanzi. Ibinzana lefilosofi, Akukho nto iphuma kwinto engekhoyo ithi indalo iphela yinkqubo elinganiselweyo. Yonke into ekhoyo ngoku ibisoloko ikho. U-Epicurus naye wabhala, ukugcwala kwezinto kwakuhlala kunje ngoku, kwaye kuya kuhlala kunjalo. Oku kuqwalaselo olufanayo lwemeko yako konke okukhoyo.
IifotoDuets / Getty Imifanekiso
Ukwahluka koMthetho
Umthetho wogcino lobunzima uvavanyiwe kwaye wangqinwa ukuba uyinyani. Iluncedo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi kubandakanya ikhemistri, ifiziksi, ubuchwephesha kunye nokutshintsha kolwelo. Ekuphela kwexesha apho umthetho ungasasebenzi okanye waphulwe kukwimeko yefiziksi yenyukliya. Ngokutshabalalisa ngokufanelekileyo iinxalenye zenyukliya zeathom, ubunzima abusekho kwimo yabo yantlandlolo.
iinkqubo ezintsha zikamabonakude zolwaphulo-mthetho
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