Igama lesiGrike elithi ὑποκριταί, okanye hypokritai, ekuqaleni lalibhekisela kubadlali beqonga. Yayikwasetyenziselwa ukuchaza umntu owayezenzisa okanye oqhathayo. Yile nkcazo yesibini esibhekisa kuyo ekuqondeni kwanamhlanje uhanahaniso. Nangona kunjalo, unokubona ukuba ihambelana njani nemvelaphi yayo nabadlali beqonga. Xa umntu ehanahanisa, benza ngendlela ethile.
Umhanahanisi ngumntu owenza iinkolelo neembono zobuxoki ukuze afihle iimvakalelo okanye iinjongo zokwenyani. Uhanahaniso lusenokuphenjelelwa ngumnqweno ombi wokufuna ukwamkeleka. Okanye mhlawumbi ngenxa yezizathu ezingendawo ezingakumbi, njengokukhohlisa.
Inkohliso Yokuziphatha
sefa ozel / Getty ImifanekisoEnye indlela umntu anokubonisa ngayo uhanahaniso kukwenza imfesane okanye inkxalabo ukuze agqalwe njengomntu olungileyo. Le nkalo ixhaphake kakhulu ngokuphathelele iinkolelo zonqulo nezokuziphatha. Ukubhekisela komnye umntu njengomhanahanisi kwincoko yemihla ngemihla ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukuba umtyholwa ubandakanyeka kwihambo ayigxekayo kwabanye. Ngokubhekiselele kwingqondo yokuziphatha, umhanahanisi akayilandeli imilinganiselo yakhe echaziweyo.
Uhanahaniso Lobuxoki
guirong hao / Getty ImifanekisoIngcamango yohanahaniso ixhaphakile kuyo yonke imbali. Eli gama lisaqondwa ukusuka kwimo yalo yesiLatini, umhanahanisi . Ulwimi lwesiFrentshi esidala lwasebenzisa la magama uhanahaniso kwaye umhanahanisi . Ypocrisie lalichazwa ‘njengesono sokuzenza umntu onesidima okanye ukulunga,’ ngoxa umhanahanisi kubhekiselwa 'kumntu ozenza isidima okanye unqulo lobuxoki.' Umzekelo wale mihla uzenza ngathi uxhasa injongo yesisa phambi kwabanye kwaye uphosa incwadana okanye imvulophu yomnikelo kwinkunkuma endleleni egodukayo.
Ezopolitiko
P_Wei / Getty ImifanekisoIsithandi sobulumko sezobupolitika saseBritani uDavid Runciman wachaza inkohliso yohanahaniso njengokuzibanga enolwazi, ukungaguquguquki, ukunyaniseka, okanye ubuntu angenabo. UMichael Gerson, intatheli yezopolitiko yaseMerika, uchaza uhanahaniso lwezobupolitika 'njengokusebenzisa isigqubuthelo sobuso ukukhohlisa uluntu nokufumana inzuzo kwezopolitiko.' Abezopolitiko baye babanjwa bebandakanyeka kwizenzo ezichasene ngqo nephulo labo loluntu. Umzekelo woku ngusopolitiki ozimiseleyo nonobudlelwane obungaphandle komtshato.
Ingcaciso yeBhayibhile
Iimfundiso zikaYesu eziseBhayibhileni zigubungela uhanahaniso ngokubanzi. UYesu wachaza uhanahaniso njengemeko elusizi yokuzenza umntu abe ngumdlali weqonga. Umhanahanisi uchitha ubomi bakhe efuna ukwamkeleka kwabanye. Uhanahaniso oluseBhayibhileni lubangelwa kukungamazi uThixo. Abahanahanisi bafuna ukuqhwatyelwa izandla ngezenzo zabo kuba bengaziva benesidima yaye bengaxabisekanga kuThixo. Izenzo zabahanahanisi bebhayibhile zaya zisiba mbi kwaye ziyamangalisa kuba indumiso ababeyifumana kwabanye ekugqibeleni yayililize.
Impembelelo yeBhayibhile
Ingqiqo yeBhayibhile yohanahaniso yenza inxalenye enkulu yengcamango yanamhlanje. Eyona njongo yabahanahanisi kukubona nokuvunywa. Banomtsalane kubaphulaphuli ngenxa yokuba abanamnqweno wokufikelela usukelo lobuqu bebodwa. Ingqondo yabo yangaphakathi iyacinezelwa okanye ithatyathelw' indawo ziimfuno zabanye.
Iintlobo Zohanahaniso
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zohanahaniso oluchazwe ngamaxesha aliqela embali. Itartuffe ibonisa ukuhlonela unqulo lobuxoki. Ingcwaba eliqatywe mhlophe ngumntu onobungendawo ozenza ngathi ulungile. Kukho amagama amaninzi achaza umntu okhokelela abanye ukuba bakholelwe into engeyonyani. Amagama aqhelekileyo abalinganiswa abanjalo ngababheki, ukuqhatha, umkhohlisi, okanye umkhohlisi.
Ukuzikhohlisa
Feodora Chiosea / Getty ImifanekisoUkuhanahanisa kugqalwa njengohlobo lokuzikhohlisa. Abantu bahlala bekhetha uluvo ngomba othile okanye benze izigqibo phambi kokuba bakhangele ubungqina. Lo mkhwa uxhaphake gqitha ngokuphathelele imibandela eyahlukanisayo yezobupolitika neyokuziphatha. Abanye abantu bakhangela ubungqina bokuxhasa izikhundla eziqikelelweyo endaweni yokuphuhlisa iimbono ezisekelwe kwizibakala. Elinye iqhinga eliqhelekileyo kukudala ngabom izizathu zokuchitha ubungqina obuxhasa ukuchasa.
Ukuzijonga
Ukufota / Getty ImifanekisoUhanahaniso lubonakala nakwiindlela zobuqu zokuzikhohlisa. Abantu abaninzi banembono ephakamileyo ngeziqu zabo. Ngokwemvelo abantu batyekele ekuqondeni izinto abazifezileyo ngaphezu kokusilela kwabo. Le ngcamango ibizwa ngokuba yi-self-serving bias. Abantu badla ngokuzilinganisa ngaphezulu komndilili malunga neempawu ezintle ezinje ngobukrelekrele okanye isakhono. Ubutyebi kunye nodumo lwentlalo luyalukhulisa olu tyekelo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akukona jikelele, kwaye baninzi abantu abanezimvo eziphantsi ngokungekho ngqiqweni ngabo.
Indima kuMbutho
yipenge / Getty ImifanekisoIzithandi zobulumko ukutyhubela iminyaka ziye zahlalutya zaza zaxoxa ngohanahaniso. Abaninzi babeyigqala njengenkalo engenakuphepheka yobuntu. Iintanda-bulumko zamandulo nezanamhlanje ziye zaxubusha uhanahaniso njengento eyimfuneko kwimpucuko. Esi sikolo sengcinga siqikelela ukuba uluntu luya kuziqhekeza ngaphandle kokukwazi ukubonisa ngathi uyavumelana okanye uvelwano kwimiba ethile. Olu luvo luya lusanda kwiminyaka yakutshanje njengoko iimeko zezopolitiko ziya zibangela iyantlukwano kwihlabathi jikelele. Umahluko phakathi kweengcamango ezahlukahlukeneyo zobupolitika okanye zokuziphatha ukhula ngokucace ngakumbi njengoko izigqubuthelo zobuso nezenzisi ziwa, yaye abantu bebonakalisa iimvakalelo zabo zokwenene.
Ukuqonda
Maxa wambi uhanahaniso luqondwa ngokungachanekanga. Izityholo zohanahaniso ngoxa kuxoxwa ngemiba ephikiswanayo zisenokubangelwa kukubethelela iinkolelo zikabani kwabanye. Abantu okanye amaqela kumacala ahlukeneyo omba ahlala ehlalutyana ngeenkolelo neengxelo eziphikisanayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukuphikisana, kodwa kusenokuba kukungaqondani. Umzekelo wokungaqondi kwenzeka xa elinye iqela lidibanisa iinkolelo okanye izikhundla ezahlukeneyo ngendlela elinye icala elingakholelwayo. Iqela labalweli bemekobume lisenokutyholwa ngokwenzakalisa abantu ukuze likhusele izilwanyana. Abamangaleli babona unxulumano olubi, kodwa abaphembeleli bakholelwa ukuba iinjongo zabo ziluncedo ebantwini nakwizilwanyana.