Yintoni ikati kaSchrödinger?

'Ikati kaSchrödinger' lelinye laloo mabinzana akhutshwa ngamavili rhoqo kwincoko. Ukanti kwabo bangazange babe ngumfundi wefiziksi, okanye ubuncinci beva inkcazo kaSheldon kwiBig Bang Theory, isenokungacaci ukuba ithetha ukuthini. Impendulo emfutshane yeyokuba ikati kaSchrödinger ligama lovavanyo lwengcinga oludumileyo olwaqalwa yingcali yefiziksi, uErwin Schrodinger. Impendulo ende kunye nomthombo wenye yezona ngxoxo zibalulekileyo kwifiziksi isimema ukuba singene kwindawo engaqhelekanga yobuchwephesha be-quantum ukuze mhlawumbi siphinde sicinge ngeengcinga zethu malunga nenyani.

Wayengubani uErwin Schrödinger?

U-Erwin Schrödinger wazalwa ngo-Agasti 12, 1887 eVienna, ikomkhulu lase-Austria-Hungary. Utata kaErwin, uRudolph Schrödinger, wayeyingcali yezityalo nomninimzi-mveliso welaphu leoli. Umama wakhe, uGeorgine, wayeyintombi kanjingalwazi wekhemistri kaRudolph. Okuphela komntwana, uErwin wakhuliswa njengomLuthere waza wafundiswa ngasese de waneminyaka eli-11 ubudala. UErwin wagqwesa kwasebuntwaneni kulwimi, kwizibalo nakwifiziksi.

Imfundo kaSchrödinger

USchrödinger wabhalisa kwiYunivesithi yaseVienna waza wafunda i-physics. Waphenjelelwa ngamandla ngoogxa bakhe befiziksi uFranz Exner, uvulindlela weli candelo, kunye noFritz Hasenohrl, kamva iNtloko yeFiziksi yethiyori. USchrödinger wawongwa ngePh.D. ngowe-1910. Wayilwa waza wathunyelwa eItali njengegosa lezomkhosi ngowe-1914. USchrodinger wayenethamsanqa kunogxa wakhe nomcebisi wakhe, uHasenohrl, owabulawa sisiqhushumbisi ngowe-1915. Annemarie Bertel ngowe-1920.

Schrödinger's Equation

Ngo-1921 uSchrödinger waba ngunjingalwazi kwiDyunivesithi yaseZurich, kwaza kwacaca ukuba uneembono ezintsha kwinkalo yefiziksi yeathom. Ephendula kwiingcamango zokuba ukushukuma kwee-electron ngaphakathi kweathom kunokuchazwa njengeliza, uSchrödinger wanikela ubungqina obuyimfuneko bemathematika ngeWave Theory Equation yakhe yowe-1926. Intlantsi yokuyila kwathiwa yeza ngexesha lobudlelwane obukrakra neViennese endala. intombi.

Ukuzalwa kweQuantum Mechanics

Inxaki kaSchrödinger inike ingcaciso eyomeleleyo yendlela yokuziphatha kunye nokushukuma kweeathom. Ngokuchaza intshukumo yabo kwiliza elinokwenzeka, indawo kunye nemeko ye-athomu inokunyangwa ngokwezibalo. De kwathathwa umlinganiselo othe ngqo, iathom yayisithi ikwimo ephezulu. Ngokutsho kweCopenhagen Toliko, oku kwakuthetha ukuba yayinokugqalwa njengakuzo zonke iindawo ngaxeshanye. Umbuzo ophambili kwiifiziksi, ngaba i-Wave Theory yayisisixhobo esifanelekileyo semathematika okanye ngaba ichaza into ebonakalayo ngokwasemzimbeni? Yayiphi iathom, ngokwenene?

Ibhrashi kunye no-Einstein kunye namaNazi

Ngowe-1927 uSchrödinger wafudukela nenkosikazi yakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseFriedrich Wilhelm yaseBerlin. Apha waphulula iingqiniba kunye noAlbert Einstein. Ngelixa eqhubeka nokwenza uphando olubalulekileyo kunye nolutsha apho, wothuswa ngakumbi kukukhula kwemoya echasene namaSemite eJamani. Elandela umzekelo kaEinstein, ngowe-1937 wemka eJamani wafudukela eNgilani, wathatha isikhundla eOxford. Kungekudala emva kokuba wawongwa ngeBhaso leNobel kwiFiziksi ngowe-1933.

Ikati kaSchrödinger

Ngaphandle kwendima yakhe ebalulekileyo ekudaleni ithiyori yamaza, uShrödinger akazange akhululeke kwiziphumo zayo. Njengazo ezininzi zefiziksi, akazange akwazi ukulungelelanisa ukungaqiniseki kwe-quantum kwinqanaba le-athomu kunye namava ethu emihla ngemihla. Ehlabathini esibonayo, abantu kunye nezinto zinendawo kunye nemeko ecacileyo, nokuba siyaziqwalasela okanye akunjalo. Ukuqaqambisa oku kuphikisana, uye waqulunqa ilingelo lokucinga elalibandakanya ikati kwibhokisi evaliweyo, into eqhuma ngemitha, kunye nekhawunta yeGeiger yokulinganisa ukubola kwento.

Ngexesha leyure enye, kuya kubakho ama-50% amathuba okuba imathiriyeli ye-radioactive inokubola kwaye ikhuphe iathomu enye. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ikhawuntara ye-Geiger iya kuyibona kwaye ivule isilayidi esinokuthi sibangele ukuba isando sibethe iflaski yeasidi. Iasidi yayiza kukhutshwa kwibhokisi, ibulale ikati. Umbuzo wawusithi, ingaba iyaphila okanye ifile ikati?

IParadox yeKati kaSchrödinger

Ukusuka kumbono we-quantum mechanical, ikati kuthiwa ikwimeko ephezulu, kunye namathuba alinganayo okuba ifile okanye iyaphila. Ubume bekati bumiselwa kuphela xa kulinganiswa okanye kubonwa. Oku kwakubonakala kungenangqondo, u-Schrödinger wabhala, ngokuqinisekileyo ikati kufuneka ibe enye okanye enye, nokuba umntu obukeleyo uthatha isigqibo sokujonga okanye hayi. Nangona kunjalo le yindlela kanye iiathom ezibonakala ziziphatha ngayo. Ngokunxulumanisa ikamva lekati kunye nokuguquguquka kwenuclei yeatom, uShrödinger wayebonisa eyona ngxaki iphambili yokutolika kweCopenhagen ye-quantum mechanics.

indoda egqibeleleyo emqolombeni

Ukuthandabuza kunye nokuzisola

Akufuneki ukuthetha, xa ebuzwa ukuba wayecinga ntoni ngeCopenhagen Ukutolikwa kweTheory yakhe yeWave, uShrödinger wathi: 'Andiyithandi, kwaye ndiyaxolisa ukuba ndikhe ndanento yokwenza nayo.' USchrodinger wayeya kuqhubeka exoxa iminyaka kunye nabantu bexesha lakhe malunga nentsingiselo yovavanyo lwakhe.

Ngaba u-Schrödinger Wake Wakha Ngenene eyakhe ikati?

Amarhe aziwayo kukuba ngaxa lithile ngeminyaka yoo-1930 uSchrödinger wayenokuba enekati eneneni egama linguMilton ekhayeni lakhe eliseOxford. Ngombulelo, ngaphandle kokubonelela ngenkuthazo kumnini wakhe, akukho bungqina bokuba uSchrisiqithiikati ye-dinger yakhe yafakwa kwibhokisi eneflaski yeasidi.

Ilifa

Schrödinger wafa ngoJanuwari 4, 1961 kwisixeko awazalelwa kuso, Vienna. Ngexesha lokufa kwakhe, yena kunye nethiyori yakhe yekati babeshiye uphawu olungacimekiyo kwisayensi ye-quantum mechanics. Ngelixa iingqondo ezininzi ezinkulu zibe negalelo ekuphuhliseni ithiyori yamaza kunye nengqikelelo yokungaguquki, inye kuphela eya kuhlala isaziwa ngokuba nguyise we-quantum mechanics, kwaye nguErwin Schrödinger.