Urhulumente utsala irhafu yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo kwingeniso efunyenwe ngabasebenzi abaziqeshileyo kunye nabasebenzi abaqeshwe yinkampani. Abasebenzi abazisebenzelayo kufuneka basebenzise le rhafu kwimivuzo yabo xa befaka irhafu yengeniso ye-federal kunye nelizwe, ngelixa abaqeshi babamba irhafu yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo kwiintlawulo zabasebenzi babo ngokuzenzekelayo. Le rhafu isetyenziselwa ukuhlawula izibonelelo kubantu abaye badla umhlala-phantsi kwaye bafanele ukufumana izibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo, kunye neenzuzo kubantu abakhubazekileyo, abahlolokazi, kunye nabantwana abanabazali abangasekhoyo. Okwangoku, ingeniso yonyaka edlula i-127,000 yeedola ayixhomekeke kwirhafu yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo.
Imbali yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo
Ngomnyaka we-1935, uMongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt waseka into ngoku yoLawulo loKhuseleko lweNtlalo. Ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuba nguMthetho woKhuseleko lweNtlalo, le nkqubo yayiyinxalenye yenkqubo entsha kaRoosevelt eyayisetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-US ngaphandle koxinzelelo olukhulu kwaye incede ngakumbi abantu abahluphekayo, abangasebenziyo kunye nabantu abadala. I-FDR yayingumongameli wokuqala ukuxhasa uncedo lukarhulumente kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. UMthetho woKhuseleko lwezeNtlalo yangaphambili wawuquka noNcedo kwiiNtsapho ezinaBantwana abaXhomekekileyo kunye neenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zempilo yoluntu.
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Yintoni iRhafu yeRhafu?
Iirhafu zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo zi iirhafu ezirhoxayo, oku kuthetha ukuba abamivuzo iphantsi banezahlulo ezikhulu zomvuzo owubanjiweyo uwonke kunabo barhola ngaphezulu. Umzekelo, umntu X, orhola i-5,000 ngonyaka, uhlawula malunga ne-,885 kwirhafu yoKhuseleko loLuntu, malunga ne-4.5 ekhulwini. Umntu u-Y ufumana i-85,000 yeedola ngonyaka, ngoko ke izinga labo lerhafu limalunga ne-6 ekhulwini. Abantu abanemivuzo ephantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuba bakhululwe kwiirhafu zengeniso ye-federal baya kuba nokutsalwa koKhuseleko lweNtlalo.
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Ngaba kukho Ukukhululwa kwiRhafu yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo?
Ewe. Ukukhululwa kubandakanya amalungu eqela lezenkolo achasayo ukufumana izibonelelo ze-SSA emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi okanye ukukhubazeka. Abaphambukeli abangahlaliyo abangabahlali ngokusemthethweni okanye abemi baseU.S., okanye basebenze eU.S. koorhulumente bamazwe angaphandle, abayihlawuli irhafu yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo. Okokugqibela, abafundi abaqeshwe kwikholeji enye okanye eyunivesithi apho babhalise khona kwaye kufuneka bahlale beqeshwe ukuze baqhubeke nokubhaliswa kwabo baxolelwe ekuhlawuleni irhafu yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo.
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Abantu Abaziqeshileyo kunye neRhafu yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo
Ekubeni i-IRS ithathela ingqalelo abantu abazisebenzelayo bobabini umqeshwa nomqeshi, abantu abazisebenzelayo kulindeleke ukuba bahlawule i-12.4 ekhulwini okanye ireyithi epheleleyo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo (zombini iimali zomqeshi kunye nabasebenzi). Lo mlinganiselo werhafu usebenza kwingeniso eseleyo ukuya kutsho kumda womvuzo wangoku. Ukongeza, iirhafu zokuzisebenzela zibandakanya irhafu yeMedicare kunye nerhafu yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo. Ngaphandle kokuba abantu abazisebenzelayo bathatha irhafu yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo kwimivuzo yabo, abanako ukuqokelela iikhredithi ezaneleyo ukuze bafanelekele izibonelelo zomhlalaphantsi xa kufika ixesha lokuba bafake isicelo.
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Irhafu yoKhuseleko lwezeNtlalo ibonelela ngeeNzuzo eziQhubekayo
Iprogressive benefits zizibonelelo ezimele inxalenye ephezulu yomvuzo wangaphambili walowo wamkela umvuzo, kubasebenzi abafumana imivuzo ephantsi. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu ofumana umvuzo ophantsi uthatha umhlala-phantsi kwiminyaka engama-65 ubudala, izibonelelo ezifunyenweyo ziya kuthatha indawo yesiqingatha somvuzo wakhe wangaphambili. Kungenjalo, izibonelelo zabarhola imivuzo ephezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-100,000 yeedola) zithatha indawo yesiqingatha sesithathu semivuzo yabo yangaphambili. Xa umntu eqala ukufumana izibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo, i-SSA yonyusa izibonelelo ngonyaka ngamnye ukuze ihambelane namazinga okunyuka kwamaxabiso. Nangona kunjalo, i-annuity kunye neepenshoni zabucala ezenzelwe ukunceda abantu abadla umhlala-phantsi azilungiselelwanga ukuhla kwamandla emali.
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IiRhafu zeRhafu kunye neRhafu yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo
Ekubeni uMthetho woKhuseleko lwezeNtlalo waba ngumthetho ngo-1935, iirhafu zokuhlawula ziye zaqulunqa ngaphezu kwama-95 ekhulwini lomvuzo obonelelwa kwiinkqubo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo. Iirhafu zeMedicare kunye nezoKhuseleko lweNtlalo ezithathwe kwiirhafu zokuhlawula zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-FICA okanye i-SECA irhafu. I-Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) kunye ne-Self-Employment Contributions Act (SECA) zombini ziyaqhubeka namhlanje njengezibambiso ezibalulekileyo ezibandakanyiweyo kwiirhafu zokuhlawula. I-SECA kunye ne-FICA zinezithintelo zemivuzo okanye ubuninzi obunokurhafiswa. Imivuzo engaphezulu komda okhoyo osekwe yi-SSA ayixhomekekanga kwirhafu ye-FICA okanye ye-SECA.
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Yintoni iNzuzo zabasindileyo?
Irhafu yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo ihlawula amaxhoba izibonelelo kwiintsapho zabasebenzi abaswelekileyo nabashiya ngasemva abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala, kunye namaqabane. Kwezinye iimeko, ababesakuba ngamaqabane kunye nabazali banokufumana izibonelelo zamaxhoba. Abaxhomekeke kubo bafumana phakathi kwama-75 kunye ne-100 ekhulwini lenzuzo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo yabasebenzi abangasekhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, imida ye-SSA yeentlawulo zenzuzo ehlawulwa ngenyanga kwiintsapho ezikulungeleyo ukufumana izibonelelo zamaxhoba. Ubungakanani bemali efunyanwa lilungu lentsapho ixhomekeke ekubeni mingaphi iminyaka umsebenzi ongasekhoyo ehleli esebenza kunye nemivuzo yakhe iyonke ngexesha lokufa kwakhe.
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Umntu Angasifaka nini isicelo seZibonelelo zoKhuseleko loMhlala-phantsi?
Logama nje umntu ehlawule ngokwaneleyo irhafu yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo (ebizwa ngokuba ziikhredithi), unokufaka isicelo sezibonelelo eziqala kwiminyaka engama-61 kunye neenyanga ezilithoba. Iminyaka yobudala epheleleyo yomhlalaphantsi (FRA) ngoku ingama-66 ubudala. I-SSA iya kuhlawula i-100 lepesenti yezibonelelo ukuba umntu ulinda de abe neminyaka engama-66.
Yintoni iNombolo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo?
Wonke ummi wase-US ozalelwe e-US ufumana ikhadi loKhuseleko lweNtlalo kunye nenombolo yakhe kunye namagama ashicilelwe kwikhadi. Inombolo inceda i-SSA igcine umkhondo werekhodi yengeniso yakho ukuze imisele iimali zebhenefithi yakho, yokukhubazeka, yomhlalaphantsi, okanye izibonelelo zabasindileyo. Urhulumente soze akhuphe inombolo yakho yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo komnye umntu, nasemva kokuba uswelekile. I-SSA ibonelela ngamakhadi atshintshiweyo asimahla alishumi kumntu ngamnye. Emva koko, kuya kufuneka uhlawulele amakhadi oKhuseleko lweNtlalo endaweni, ke gcina awakho (ikwangumba wokhuseleko lomntu).
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Ngaba unokuyitshintsha iNombolo yakho yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo Nje ukuba uqalise ukuhlawula iRhafu yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo?
Ewe. I-SSA ivumela abantu ukuba batshintshe amanani ukuba abafaki-zicelo banokungqina ukuba banemiba yenkcubeko okanye yenkolo ngenombolo yabo abayabelweyo okanye ukuba ubusela besazisi ngumba oqhubekayo. Ukongeza, uKhuseleko lweNtlalo lunokuqwalasela utshintsho lwamanani ukuba umntu ulandelwa ngenombolo yakhe ye-SS kwaye usengozini okanye ujongene nokuhlukunyezwa. Kukho ezinye iimeko ezithethelelayo ezivumela abemi base-US ukuba batshintshe inombolo yabo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo nangaliphi na ixesha ebomini babo.