Kangangeminyaka emininzi, izithandi zobulumko zazibuza, ‘ukuba umthi uwe ehlathini uze ungabikho mntu uwuvayo, ngaba uyavakala? Izazinzulu zawuphendula loo mbuzo zaza zahlabela mgama zafumanisa ukuba eso sandi sasihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na. Ukubala eso santya kwakungekho lula njengoko kwakubonakala. Ngokungafaniyo nesantya sokukhanya, isantya sesandi asitshintshi, kwaye izinto ezahlukeneyo ziyatshintsha indlela esihamba ngayo. Izazinzulu zanyamezela yaye ngoku ziyayiqonda indlela esisebenza ngayo isandi, enoba lilizwi le soprano okanye umthi owela emhlabeni.
Yintoni isandi?
kwixesha elizayo / Getty ImagesIsandi ngamandla enziwa kukungcangcazela. Xa izinto zingcangcazela, zibangela ukuba amasuntswana azingqongileyo angcangcazele, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanye amasuntswana angcangcazele. Eli liza lesandi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umthi uwela emhlabeni, ukungcangcazela okubangelwa kukuhla kwawo kubangela isandi esivakalayo. Amaza esandi ayaqhubeka de aphelelwe ngamandla kwaye ukuba kukho iindlebe phakathi koluhlu lwamaza, sinokuviwa ngokwenene.
yeyiphi itshaneli kumdlalo we-psg
Yintoni isantya sesandi?
Xa bethetha ngesantya sesandi, abantu abaninzi babhekisa kumaza esandi esihamba emoyeni. Kwiqondo lobushushu le-68 degrees Fahrenheit, kwindawo eyomileyo, isantya sesandi sijikeleze i-767 yeekhilomitha ngeyure. Isantya sitshintsha kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kwaye sikwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiigesi ezikhoyo emoyeni.
Umthetho weentambo
Ngenkulungwane yesi-6 ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo, isithandi sobulumko, ingcali yezibalo nomdlali wehadi, uPythagoras, wachitha ixesha ephanda indlela esisebenza ngayo isandi. Intsomi ithi umsebenzi wakhe kwisandi waphefumlelwa kukubona indlela iihamile ezinobungakanani obahlukeneyo ezenza ngayo iithowuni ezahlukeneyo kwivenkile yeentsimbi. Kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuzama ubude beentambo zehabhu yakhe kwaphefumlela ukufumanisa kwakhe ukuba ukuphindaphinda kuhambelana ngokungafaniyo nobude bentambo. Kwaziwa njengomthetho wokuqala weentambo kwaye ngomnye wemisebenzi yokuqala erekhodiweyo malunga namaza omsindo.
UMhlekazi Isaac Newton
Imifanekiso yeTonyBaggett / GettyUMhlekazi uIsaac Newton waba ngowokuqala ukupapasha isantya sesandi. Emi kwivaranda kwiKholeji yaseTrinity, uNewton waqhwaba izandla waza walinganisa ukuba kuthabathe ixesha elingakanani ukuba isandi sibuyele ezindlebeni zakhe. Ngaphandle kwesixhobo sokulinganisa sanamhlanje, wayethembele kwi-pendulum ukulinganisa ixesha. Inani lakhe, elipapashwe kwiPrincipia Mathematica, lehle ngomyinge we-15 ekhulwini. Ifomula ethi Newton yaphuhliswa yaphuculwa nguPierre-Simon Laplace kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yiNewton-Laplace Equation.
Ukulinganisa isantya sesandi ngeembumbulu
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1700, uMfundisi uWilliam Durham wenza imifuniselo yokulinganisa isantya sesandi. Ngoxa wayemi kwinqaba ephethe iteleskopu, abancedisi bakhe badubula imipu kwiindawo ezininzi zasekuhlaleni. UDurham wabona ilitha lesithonga sompu kwaye wasebenzisa i-pendulum ukulinganisa ukuba kumthathe ixesha elingakanani ukuva isandi. Njengoko wayeyazi imigama ebandakanyekileyo, isantya sesandi sinokubalwa size sigqalwe njengolona qikelelo lwangaphambili oluchane ngokusengqiqweni.
Ukulinganisa isantya seSandi kunye neTube yeKundt
pixalot / Getty ImifanekisoU-August Kundt waqulunqa ityhubhu ye-Kundt kwi-1866. I-apparatus iqulethwe ityhubhu ecacileyo equlethe inani elincinci lomgubo ocolekileyo. Xa isandi senziwa kwelinye icala lombhobho, umgubo ushukunyiswa ngamaza omsindo. Ihlala kwizithuba ezilinganayo ngokulinganayo kwi-tube, kuxhomekeke kwi-wavelength. Ukulinganisa umgama phakathi kweemfumba zomgubo kuvumela ukuba isantya sesandi sibalwe. Ukuzalisa ityhubhu ye-Kundt ngeegesi ezahlukeneyo kuvumela ukuba isantya sesandi silinganiswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Ukulinganisa isantya sesandi ngeemakrofoni
Eyona ndlela ilula yokulinganisa isantya sesandi namhlanje kukusebenzisa imibhobho emibini. Ingcamango esisiseko iyafana nompu kaDurham, kodwa izitophuwashi kunye nezixhobo zokurekhoda ngokukhawuleza zivumela umgama omfutshane phakathi komthombo wesandi kunye nesixhobo sokulinganisa. Isandi sisenokuba thambileyo kunokudubula kompu.
Iziphumo zoMphakamo
lzf / Getty ImifanekisoUbushushu bunempembelelo enkulu kwisantya sesandi. Kuyo nayiphi na igesi efanelekileyo, enokubunjwa rhoqo, isantya sesandi sixhomekeke kuphela kwiqondo lokushisa. Isandi siyacotha njengoko amaqondo obushushu ehla, okuthetha ukuba amaza esandi ahamba kancinci kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Yingakho isantya esiqhelekileyo sesandi silinganiswa kwinqanaba lolwandle kwaye sisekelwe kubushushu obuthile.
imhlophe okanye imnyama ukungabikho kombala
Isandi kwizinto ezahlukeneyo
THEPALMER / Getty ImifanekisoNgenxa yokuba isandi senziwa kukungcangcazela kwamasuntswana, kufuna isithuba esiphakathi ukuze sihambe. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho sandi kwivacuum, kodwa kukwathetha ukuba isandi sinokuhamba kwezinye izinto ngaphandle komoya. Enyanisweni, isandi sihamba kancinci kakhulu kwiigesi. Ihamba ngaphezu kwamaxesha amane ngokukhawuleza emanzini kunye namaxesha angama-15 ngokukhawuleza ngentsimbi.
Ukwaphula umqobo wesandi
vtwinpixel / Getty ImifanekisoNangona iinjineli zeenqwelomoya zamandulo zazikholelwa ukuba isantya sesandi sasingumqobo ekungenakwenzeka ukuba wodlule, izinto ezenziwe ngabantu zaqala ukusophula kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo. Umkhenkce oviwa kwimvubu yi-sonic boom, kwaye neembumbulu zangaphambili zihamba ngokukhawuleza kunesantya sesandi. U-Chuck Yaeger waba ngumntu wokuqala ukubhabha ngokukhawuleza kunesandi kwinqwelomoya ekwinqanaba ngo-1947. Ngo-2012, uFelix Baumgartner waba ngumntu wokuqala ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunesandi ngaphandle kwesithuthi xa wayehamba ngeparashuthi esuka kwii-120,000 ezinyaweni.