Uthini Umahluko phakathi kweHypertonic, Hypotonic, kunye neIsotonic?

Xa isityalo sibuna, siyawohloka size sibe bubumdaka obuthambileyo. I-Wilting iyenzeka xa amanzi eshiya iiseli zesityalo kwaye aphazamise uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Lo ngumzekelo wenye yeentlobo ezintathu ze-tonicity. Isisombululo sinokuba neendidi ezintathu ze-tonicity ngokubhekiselele kwesinye isisombululo: i-hypertonic, hypotonic, kunye ne-isotonic. Kunye ne-osmosis, i-tonicity ibalulekile kwiinkqubo zebhayoloji ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-tonicity luchaza indlela i-osmosis eya kwenzeka ngayo phakathi kwezisombululo ezahlukeneyo.

I-Osmosis

Ukuqonda i-tonicity, kubalulekile ukuqonda kuqala i-osmosis. Intshukumo yomnatha wamanzi ukunqumla inwebu engenakunyakama ukusuka kwindawo enoxinzelelo lwesolute esezantsi ukuya kwindawo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesolute yiosmosis. Isinyibilikisi sinokuba yiyo nayiphi na into okanye iseli enyibilikiswa sisinyibilikisi. Bekunye, benza isisombululo. Emzimbeni womntu, i-solutes ingaba yiswekile, i-urea, i-potassium, okanye ezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo. I-Osmosis yeyona ndlela amanzi angena ngayo aze aphume kwiiseli.

Njani kwaye Kutheni iOsmosis Iyenzeka

Xa ufunda i-osmosis, kulula ukubona iiseli njengengqayi enamagumbi amabini azele ngamanzi. I-membrane iyahlula ingqayi ibe yisiqingatha kwaye ihlukanise amacandelo. Ukuba akukho gumbi liqulethe nayiphi na i-solutes, amanzi aya kuhamba kwi-membrane ngokukhululekile nangokulinganayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ingqayi enye inoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-solute kunenye, amanzi akanakukwazi ukuphuma kwindawo ene-solutes. Uninzi lwezazinzulu zixhasa ukuba isizathu soku kukuba iimolekyuli ze-solute ziphuma kwi-membrane kwaye zihambisa iimolekyuli zamanzi kude nenwebu.

I-Tonicity

Ukukwazi kwesisombululo ukunyanzela amanzi ukuba angene okanye aphume kwiseli ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-osmosis yi-tonicity yayo. Uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic yeseli luxinzelelo olupheleleyo lwesolute nganye kwiseli. I-osmotic concentration yeseli ngumlinganiselo wenani le-osmoles ye-solute ilitha nganye yesisombululo. Oku kunokuvela njenge-osmol/L okanye i-Osm/L. Iindidi ezintathu ze-tonicity zichaza i-osmotic concentration yeseli ukuya kugxininiso lwe-osmotic lwe-extracellular fluid olujikeleze kuyo.

Hypertonic

Ukuba iseli ine-osmotic concentration ephantsi kunolwelo oluyijikelezileyo, ulwelo luyi-hypertonic kwiseli. Amanzi kunokwenzeka ukuba aphume kwiseli kwaye angene kwi-extracellular fluid ngenxa yokuba ulwelo lunoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-solutes. Oku kuyakuchaphazela kancinane ugxininiso olungaphandle kweseli, luyenze ilingane ngakumbi noxinaniso olungaphakathi kwiseli. Abanye abantu babiza i-hypertonicity cell shrinkage, kuba ukulahleka kwamanzi kubangela ukuba iseli iyancipha ngobukhulu.

Imizekelo ye-Hypertonicity

Ngaphandle kwamanzi aneleyo, izityalo ziya kubuna kwaye ziphulukane nobungqongqo. Lo ngumzekelo we-hypertonicity. Amanzi ahambile ukusuka kwiseli yesityalo ukuya kulwelo olungaphandle kwayo. Ngaphandle koxinzelelo lwamanzi kwiindonga zeeseli, iiseli kunye nesityalo silahlekelwa luxinzelelo lwe-turgor. Ukuba isityalo sifumana amanzi, siya kukwazi ukubuyisela ukuqina kwayo. Kubantu, ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zingena kwisisombululo esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-solute, ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi kuya kubangela ukuba inani lemisebenzi yeeseli ingaphumeleli.

Ukujikeleza kwe-Hypertonicity

Ezinye izidalwa kunye nezinto eziphilayo ziye zavelisa iindlela zokukhusela okanye ukubuyisela i-hypertonicity. Amanzi etyuwa ane-hypertonic kwiintlanzi ezihlala ngaphakathi kwayo. Ngenxa yoko, intlanzi ilahlekelwa yimali eninzi yamanzi. Oku kwenzeka xa intlanzi isenza utshintshiselwano lwegesi ngamanzi olwandle. Ukuhlawula ukulahleka kwamanzi, iintlanzi zidla amanzi amaninzi etyuwa. Emva koko bakhupha ityuwa engaphezulu. Le yinkqubo ye-osmoregulation.

Hypotonic

Ukuba iseli ine-osmotic concentration ephezulu kunolwelo oluyijikelezileyo, ulwelo luyi-hypotonic kwiseli. Ngokulandelayo, oku kuthetha ukuba amanzi kunokwenzeka ukuba ahambe ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwiseli. Oku kunokubangela ukuba iseli ibonakale idumbile okanye i-turgid. Iiseli zezilwanyana azinazo iindonga zeeseli. Ngaphandle kodonga lweseli olukhuselayo, ukusasazwa kwamanzi amaninzi kwiseli kunokubangela ukuba iseli igqabhuke. Nangona kunjalo, kwizityalo, udonga lweseli lukhusela iseli. Oku kufaka isandla kuxinzelelo lwe-turgor yesityalo kwaye ibonelela ngokuqina okukhulu.

Hyponatremia

Enye yeempembelelo ezinokwenzeka ze-hypotonicity emzimbeni womntu yi-hyponatremia okanye ukugqithisa kwamanzi. Xa umntu esela amanzi amaninzi kakhulu, isisombululo setyuwa yangaphandle siyahlanjululwa. Ukuze afikelele kwimilinganiselo ye-osmotic elinganayo, amanzi emva koko agijimela kwiiseli zegazi. Iimpawu ze-hyponatremia kukucaphuka, intloko ebuhlungu, ukudideka, kunye nokudinwa. Ukuba iiseli zegazi zobuchopho ziyadumba kwaye zigqabhuke, i-hyponatremia inokuba yingozi. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana njengoko imizimba yazo emincinci ingakwazi ukumelana namanqanaba aphezulu amanzi.

I-isotonic

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela ezimbini ze-tonicity, i-isotonicity ichaza zombini iseli kunye ne-extracellular fluid eyijikelezileyo njengento elinganayo yokugxila kwe-osmotic. Ngenxa yoku, amanzi ayakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo phakathi kweseli kunye nolwelo. Ukongeza, iseli ayinciphisi okanye ikhulise ngenxa yokuba ugxininiso luhlala lulingana phakathi kwezi ndawo zimbini. Izinga lokusasazwa kwamanzi liyafana kuwo omabini amacala, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweseli.

Isotonicity kuMzimba

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimeko ze-isotonic zifanelekile kwiiseli ezifana neeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Iimeko ze-Hypertonic zibangela ukuba iiseli zinciphise kwaye zilahlekelwe amandla abo okusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Iimeko ze-Hypotonic zenza ukuba iseli iqhume kwaye iqhume. Ngenxa yokuba ibalulekile kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ukugcina umsebenzi wazo, umzimba womntu unenani lemisebenzi ye-homeostatic egcina imeko ezinzileyo yeemeko zangaphakathi. Enye yezi meko kukuthotywa kwe-extracellular fluid ngokumalunga neeseli ezibomvu zegazi.