Ixesha leCrown yesine ligxile kubudlelwane phakathi kukaOlivia Colman's Queen Elizabeth II kunye neNkulumbuso kaGillian Anderson uMargaret Thatcher.
Ixesha lesine le Isithsaba igubungela ulawulo lukaMargaret Thatcher (uGillian Anderson) ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni, ngelensi yobudlelwane bakhe noKumkanikazi (u-Olivia Colman).
Ukuqala ngo-1979 kunye nokusithatha ukuya ku-1990, sibona abaphulaphuli babo bokuqala njengoko bedibana eBuckingham Palace kunye nobukhulu omnye komnye: inkosi yasetyhini idibana neNkulumbuso yokuqala yasetyhini yelizwe.
Kodwa ichaneke kangakanani inguqulelo yobudlelwane babo esiyibonayo kwiCrown? Ukusuka kwisivumelwano malunga neFalklands ukuya kungquzulwano ngoMzantsi Afrika, nantsi yonke into ekufuneka uyazi:
Ngaba ubudlelwane babo kwi-Crown busekelwe kubomi benene?
Isithsaba sasinezinto ezininzi zokusebenzela xa kusenziwa umdlalo wobudlelwane phakathi kweNkulumbuso uMargaret Thatcher kunye noKumkanikazi uElizabeth II.
Intloko yoPhando uAnnie Sulzberger uyacacisa: 'Uninzi lwalo lukhoyo. Akukho namnye kubo oya kukunika ucaphulo malunga nendlela abaziva ngayo malunga nabanye kodwa abantu ababebangqongile baye bacaca ukuba yayilubudlelwane obuneqabaka okwethutyana. I-Falklands yabanika ukukhanya okuncinci kwelanga, kodwa kwanyibilika kancinci apho kwaye kwabuyela kubudlelwane ngokuphikisanayo.
'Ku-Elizabeth, indima yakhe kukugcina ilizwe limanyene, indima yakhe kukumanyanisa, kwaye ufuna ilizwe elihamba kakuhle kangangoko. Ukuza kukaThatcher etshintsha yonke imithetho yoluntu kuthetha ukuba ukude kakhulu njengeNtloko yeLizwe. Akanawo amandla okuchasana nayo nayiphi na imigaqo-nkqubo kaThatcher, kufuneka ajongane neziphumo zazo.'
Utheni uThatcher esidlangalaleni?
UMargaret Thatcher ujongana nombandela kaKumkanikazi kwangoko kwi-autobiography yakhe - kwaye emva koko akasayi kuphinda ayikhankanye ikumkani kuyo yonke incwadi (ende kakhulu). I-angle yakhe yeyokuba baye bavana ngokugqibeleleyo, enkosi kakhulu, kwaye iingcebiso ngenye indlela zisekwe kwii-tropes zesini.
Ubhala kwisahluko sokuqala: 'Bonke abantu ababukeleyo kunye noKumkanikazi kwenzeka ngokuzithemba okungqongqo - imfihlo ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kukarhulumente kunye nomgaqo-siseko. Ndandiza kuba nabaphulaphuli abanjalo kunye noKumkanikazi kanye ngeveki, ngesiqhelo ngoLwesibini, xa wayeseLondon kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwenye indawo xa usapho lwasebukhosini lwaluseWindsor okanye eBalmoral.
UGillian Anderson njengoMargaret Thatcher kwi-Crown season 4 (Netflix)Netflix
'Mhlawumbi kuvumelekile ukwenza iingongoma ezimbini kuphela ngezi ntlanganiso. Nabani na ocinga ukuba bayinto nje eqhelekileyo okanye bavalelwe kulonwabo loluntu akalunganga; ngokuzolileyo bafana neshishini kwaye uBukhosi bakhe buzisa ukuqonda okothusayo kwemiba yangoku kunye nobubanzi bamava.
Kwaye, nangona oonondaba bebengenakumelana nesilingo sokucebisa iingxabano phakathi kweBhotwe kunye neSitalato iDowning, ngakumbi kwimicimbi yeCommonwealth, bendihlala ndisifumana isimo sengqondo sikaKumkanikazi ngomsebenzi karhulumente sichanekile ngokupheleleyo. Kakade ke, phantsi kweemeko, amabali ongquzulwano phakathi ‘kwabafazi ababini abanamandla’ ayelunge gqitha ukuba angaphinde athethe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ububhanxa obungakumbi babhalwa malunga nento ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-feminine factor' ngexesha lam kwi-ofisi ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na enye.'
Ngoko wenze UThatcher kunye noKumkanikazi bayakhwelana?
Kwinqanaba lomntu, iingxelo ezininzi zibonisa ukuba babenobudlelwane obungathandekiyo. Kuxelwe ukuba u-Thatcher wayeqinile kwaye esemthethweni ejikeleze uKumkanikazi, efika kwiBhotwe veki nganye enoluhlu olufanelekileyo olubhaliweyo lwezihloko ekufuneka azilime; Akazange aphumle ecaleni kwenkosi, ehleli ecaleni kwesihlalo sakhe kwaye esilela ukonwabela uhambo lwakhe olunyanzelekileyo lokuhlala neRoyals eBalmoral nazo zonke iiprothokholi zabo zentlalo kunye nezinto zangaphandle.
Eyona akhawunti intle ifika kwincwadi kaRobert Hardman ka-2019 kaKumkanikazi weHlabathi, egxininisa ukuba uKumkanikazi ubuncinci 'wayenentlonipho enkulu' kwiimpumelelo zikaThatcher, kwaye 'wayenomdla wokufunda ukuba yintoni emenze waphawula' - kodwa oko akunjalo. t ithetha ukuba bayonwabele ukuba kunye.
Babengavisisani nangezinye iindlela. Umbhali ngobomi bukaThatcher uJohn Campbell uthi kwakukho indida emsebenzini; ngelixa iNkulumbuso 'yayinentlonelo ephantse ibe yimfihlelo malunga neziko lobukhosi ... kwangaxeshanye yayizama ukwenza ilizwe libe lelanamhlanje kwaye litshayelele uninzi lwemilinganiselo kunye nezenzo eziye zakhuthazwa ubukhosi.'
UMargaret Thatcher kunye noKumkanikazi ngo-1975 (Getty)
intombi e yellowstone
UWilson ubhala kwincwadi yakhe ethi The Queen ukuba 'uThatcher wayengumntu othanda inguquko nowayefuna ungquzulwano ukuze aphumelele,' yaye 'wayengohlukaniyo' noKumkanikazi, 'othuku lakhe belisoloko limmanyanisa.'
UKumkanikazi ubonakala enenkxalabo eyandayo malunga nobunkokeli bukaThatcher, kumanqanaba amabini - njengoko sibona kwi-Crown. Okokuqala, uKumkanikazi wayezinikele ngokupheleleyo kumbono we-Commonwealth, ngelixa u-Thatcher wayithatha njengento ephazamisayo kunye nengxaki. Kwaye okwesibini, uKumkanikazi wayenexhala lokuba urhulumente ka-Thatcher wandisa uxinzelelo lwentlalo kunye nokunciphisa inkcitho kwiinkonzo ezibalulekileyo.
Kwinqaku lokuqala, uCampbell ubhala athi: 'Wayesaba ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo kaRhulumente yayikwandisa ngamabomu iyantlukwano yoluntu: wayenexhala malunga nokungabikho kwemisebenzi ephezulu kwaye wayesothuswa yi-1981 isiphithiphithi kunye nobundlobongela boqhankqalazo lwabasebenzi basezimayini.'
Kwaye kwinqaku lesibini, 'Wayecatshukiswa kukungafihlwa kukaNksk. Thatcher ukungamthandi uManyano amthandayo: wayephazamisekile kukunyuswa kwemali yaseyunivesithi yabafundi baphesheya kweelwandle, ethe yafumana eyona nzuzo iluncedo kwiCommonwealth, kunye ne Ingxwabangxwaba yezohlwayo zaseMzantsi Afrika eyayisoloko ixabanisa iBritane nawo onke amanye amalungu, ngeekhwelo ezihlazisayo zokuba iBritane igxothwe.'
Ngaba uThatcher wamcaphukisa uKumkanikazi ngokuziphatha njengeNtloko yeLizwe?
UKumkanikazi, uRonald Reagan kunye noMargaret Thatcher ngo-1984 (Getty)
Ngeli xesha, uninzi lwabahlalutyi baphawula ukuba u-Thatcher - ochithe ngaphezulu kweshumi leminyaka eyiNkulumbuso - wayeziphatha njengeNtloko yelizwe, ethatha indima yobumongameli okanye yasebukhosini.
yintoni ekwenza ubonakale umdala
Ejonge kwiphulo lakhe lokuya 'kwiBritane yeHlabathi' yaseMelika, kunye nendlela awatyhalela phambili ngayo kubulungu baseBritane kwiManyano yaseYurophu, kunye nendlela awayilandela ngayo imigaqo-nkqubo yocalucalulo, u-AN Wilson ubhala athi kwincwadi yakhe ethi The Queen: 'UTatcher waziphatha njengendoda kwinqanaba lezopolitiko. Mongameli.'
Umbhali webhayoloji uJohn Campbell ubonisa indlela u-Thatcher angazange avume ngayo ukuba uKumkanikazi atyelele iPalamente yaseYurophu okanye eSoviet Union: “Ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye yezi ngxabano zincinci, nangona kunjalo, uKumkanikazi akanakusilela ukucatshukiswa sisitayile sikaNksk. ' Kwaye njengoko sibona kwisiqendu se-Crown, 'Ingcinga yokuba uNksk. Thatcher wayephuhlisa ubuqhophololo bobukhosi waqala wafumana imali xa wayekhahlela kumngcelele woloyiso wemikhosi kwiSixeko saseLondon ekupheleni kwemfazwe yaseFalklands, indima enkulu. ukuba abaninzi bacinga ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi iiQueens.'
Imfazwe yaseFalklands ibonakala ngathi iye yatshintsha. Kunyaka osemva koloyiso, u-Thatcher wenze utyelelo lwe-semi-regal eziqithini, kwaye utyelelo lwakhe lwangaphandle lwaqala ukufana nokhenketho lwasebukhosini kunye nezihlwele kunye nezimbali.
URobert Harris waphawula kwiThe Observer ngo-1988: 'Siye saba sisizwe esinookumkani ababini ... UMargaret Thatcher uye wafana noKumkanikazi waseNgilani ngaphezu kwento yokwenyani.' Kwaye ngo-1989, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kukaThatcher 'kwisininzi sasebukhosini' kwafikelela incopho xa ebhengeza ukuzalwa komntwana kaMark Thatcher: 'Siye saba ngumakhulu.'
Ngaba uThatcher wakhala kwindibano noKumkanikazi?
Asinakuze sazi ukuba uThatcher walila ngexesha lokuphulaphulwa kwabaphulaphuli kunye noKumkanikazi, emva kokuzalwa konyana wakhe. UMark Thatcher walahleka . Okwenzeka kubaphulaphuli kubucala.
Siyazi, nangona kunjalo, ukuba uThatcher wakhala ephuma kwisitalato iDowning.
Kwi-autobiography yakhe, ubhala ngokushiya i-10 Downing Street kwindlela eya kwiBhotwe kubaphulaphuli bakhe bokugqibela kunye noKumkanikazi: 'Njengomhla wokufika kwam, bonke abasebenzi beNombolo ye-10 babekho. Ndaxhawulana noonobhala bam nabanye endandibazi kakuhle ukutyhubela iminyaka. Abanye babelila.
'Ndizamile ukubamba eyam kodwa yaqukuqela ngokukhululekileyo njengoko ndandisihla eholweni ndidlula abo babendiqhwaba xa ndiphuma eofisini, kanye kwiminyaka elishumi elinanye enesiqingatha ngaphambili bandibulisa njengoko ndandingena kuyo. Ngaphambi kokuba ndiphume phandle ndikunye noDenis noMark ecaleni kwam, ndanqumama ukuze ndiqokelele iingcinga zam. UCrawfie [umncedisi wakhe] wosula intwana ye-mascara esidleleni sam, ubungqina benyembezi endingazange ndikwazi ukuyijonga.'
Kwaye uCampbell umchaza 'kuphela ngobunzima bokubamba iinyembezi njengoko wenza ingxelo yakhe yokugqibela.'
UGillian Anderson njengoMargaret Thatcher kuthotho lweCrown 4 (Netflix)Netflix
Ngaba baye bangquzulana ngezohlwayo zaseMzantsi Afrika?
Ngo-1947, njengoko kwakusenziwa umdlalo othi The Crown with a special cameo evela kuClaire Foy, iNkosazana uElizabeth yenza isibhambathiso sokuzinikela kwinkonzo 'yentsapho yethu enkulu yama-Imperial.' Kwaye wayithabatha nzulu kakhulu.
Ikhokelwa nguKumkanikazi, 'uManyano lweZizwe eziManyeneyo' ngumbutho wezopolitiko ngoku onamazwe angamalungu angama-54 - uninzi lwawo ayimimandla yangaphambili yoBukhosi baseBritane. Idla ngokuchazwa 'njengentsapho' yezizwe.
Amava okuqala kaThatcher kwiCommonwealth weza neNkomfa yeeNtloko zoRhulumente ka-1979, eyayiza kuxoxa ngokukhawuleza umba weRhodesia.
Nangona kwakucaca ukuba kukho ukungavisisani noKumkanikazi-njengoko uCampbell esitsho, uThatcher 'walile ukuya kwinkomfa, kwaye wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukwenza ukuba umongameli angakwazi ukuzimasa' - ngokwenene yaba yimpumelelo ekugqibeleni kubo bobabini ukumkani kunye noKumkani. Inkulumbuso, njengokuba le nkomfa yavula indlela yokusekwa kweZimbabwe njengesizwe esizimeleyo. Bobabini badlale indima kwaye bafumana ikhredithi, kodwa isimo sengqondo sikaThatcher yayiluphawu lwezinto ezizayo.
Emva koko kwabakho ungquzulwano ngocalucalulo eMzantsi Afrika, olwalugqugqisile ngeminyaka yoo-1980.
U-Thatcher wayichasa kakhulu ingcamango yokuwisa izohlwayo kuMzantsi Afrika, etyeshela uluvo lweCommonwealth kunye nokuthintela iinzame zokusebenzisa impembelelo ehlangeneyo yezizwe zoManyano kunye namandla ezoqoqosho. Ngeli xesha, uKumkanikazi wayenomdla kurhulumente wase-UK ukuba awise izohlwayo - kodwa njengenkosi yomgaqo-siseko wayengenako ukunyanzela u-Thatcher ukuba enze isivumelwano.
UThatcher wayemthatha uNelson Mandela njengomnqolobi; wayitolika imeko yaseMzantsi Afrika ngeliso lenkululeko yaseNtshona echasene nobukomanisi beSoviet, ebona urhulumente 'waseNtshona' usoyikiswa ngumbutho wenkululeko wabaMnyama owawuxhaswa yiSoviet. I-ANC kaMandela, wayeyithatha njengesixhobo samakomanisi.
Waphinda waziqaba njengomchasi obonakalayo wocalucalulo. Njengoko uCampbell echaza, kubonakala ukuba wayekholelwa ukuba urhulumente 'awunakukwazi ukusinda kwiimfuno zenkululeko yoqoqosho lwangoku kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uya kujongelwa phantsi ngokunyuka kwezorhwebo kunye noqhagamshelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe, kungekhona ngezigwebo kunye nokunyathela.' Ngelishwa, le ndlela ayizange ivelise iziphumo ekugqibeleni.
Ngoko kwabakho ungquzulwano olukhulu. KwiNgqungquthela yaseNassau eBahamas, esiyibona idlalwa kwiThe Crown, uThatcher waziva engcungcuthekiswa; ezinye iinkokeli zaziva zifundiswa.
Wavuma ukongezelelwa izohlwayo, kodwa emva koko - phambi koshicilelo - akakhange enze nayiphi na inkqubela ngokuthi ushukume kuphela 'incinci encinci', kwaye eneneni ezinye iinkokeli ziye zasondela. yena isikhundla: 'Bandijoyinile ngoku!' Ugxa wakhe onguConservative uGeoffrey Howe kamva wathi wayebukele esoyika njengoko wayehlazisa ezinye iintloko zikarhulumente, 'wawuthoba umgangatho womgaqo-nkqubo ababesandul' ukuvumelana ngawo - waze wazithob' isidima.'
Ngokungafaniyo nesiganeko esisibonayo kwi-Crown, u-Thatcher akabonakali ngathi akalikhethanga igama elithi 'iimpawu' ukuze akwazi ukuphosa unyawo lukaKumkanikazi kunye negosa lakhe leendaba uMichael O'Shea ngokubhengeza ukuba 'imiqondiso inokutshintsha'. Kodwa njengoko ubona kwinqaku umbhalo , wayethanda igama elithi 'imiqondiso'.
Ngaba uKumkanikazi ucele uMichael Shea ukuba avuze ibali kwiCawe Times?
Isihloko esiphikisanayo - kunye nesithsaba esithatha umbono oqinisekileyo!
Kwi-Crown, unobhala weendaba kunye nonoveli uMichael Shea (uNicholas Farrell) uyalelwa nguKumkanikazi ukuba abhale ngasese kumaphephandaba ukuba akakholiswa yiNkulumbuso yakhe, uMargaret Thatcher. Uthatha ibali kwintatheli yeSunday Times. Kodwa xa uKumkanikazi ebona ukuba oku kubonakaliswe kakubi kuye, uShea uphoswa kwiingcuka kwaye wathi wenze yedwa; ukwacelwa ukuba arhoxe eBukhosini.
Ke nantsi into esiyaziyo ukuba yenzekile: ngoJulayi ka-1986, iThe Sunday Times yabhala ibali elikwiphepha lokuqala libanga ukuba lityhila ukungavisisani phakathi kweDowning Street kunye neBuckingham Palace, eMzantsi Afrika kwaye ngokubanzi - kunye noKumkanikazi oxhalabileyo ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo kaThatcher 'ayikhathaleli,' Iingxwabangxwaba neyantlukwano ekuhlaleni.'
Ngokuqinisekileyo uMichael Shea wayethetha nentatheli kwiSunday Times, njengoko wayexelele oogxa bakhe ngokuzingca ngaphambi kokupapashwa kwenqaku. Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala ngathi akazange ayiqonde i-angle yokwenyani okanye umxholo wenqaku. Unobhala weKumkanikazi yaBucala uMhlekazi uWilliam Heseltine (ubomi bokwenyani uMartin Charteris wayesele ehambile ngeli xesha) uye wayibona inyani yebali kwangethuba, kwaye waxelela uKumkanikazi-owamtsalela umnxeba uThatcher kwangaphambili kwaye waba 'nengxoxo enoxolo kakhulu' .
indlela yokugcina iinkuni kude
Emva kokuba eli phepha libethe kwimithombo yeendaba, iNdlu yobukhosi yakhupha impendulo ithi ibali 'lalingenasiseko ngokupheleleyo.' Kodwa iphepha limi kwibali lalo.
UCampbell ubhala athi: 'UNksk. Thatcher wayenomsindo ngasese kwaye watyhola amalungu angaphakathi kwiBhotwe ngokuzama ukujongela phantsi uRhulumente; kodwa wayezimisele ukuba angamsoli uKumkanikazi okanye ajonge ingcamango yengxaki yomgaqo-siseko.'
Kungekudala uMichael Shea watyhilwa njengomthombo. Nangona engazange alishiye ngoko nangoko iBhotwe – wahlala de kwangowe-1987 – akazange awongwe ngobukrelekrele besintu. Ngaba uShea ebesebenza ngokwemiyalelo kaKumkanikazi? Okanye uye wahamba-script?
“Enyanisweni le ngxelo yayisisiqwenga sobugwenxa bobuntatheli esakhatywa ngokukhawuleza,” utshilo uJohn Campbell, ngelixa uRobert Hardman egxininisa: 'Akukho mntu kwiBhotwe okanye kwiSitrato esiseDowning... echukunyiswe, nabani na othetha ngolo hlobo ngorhulumente wakhe.'
Nokuba uKumkanikazi wayefuna ukwenza ukuba ukungonwabi kwakhe esidlangalaleni okanye akunjalo, kukho into enye wonke umntu avumelana ngayo: uKumkanikazi wayengakholisekanga ngokwenyani nguThatcher ngelo xesha.
Ngaba uKumkanikazi unike uThatcher uMyalelo weMvumo?
UKumkanikazi kunye nowayesakuba yi-PM uMargaret Thatcher ngo-2000 (Getty)
Yes abanye Ilayisenisi enkulu ngokuba noKumkanikazi u-Olivia Colman uElizabhete ngokwakhe ukuba ayinike uMargaret Thatcher kaGillian Anderson ngexesha labaphulaphuli.
I-Order of Merit lelona wonga liphezulu uKumkanikazi anokulinika yena ngokwakhe. Njengenqaku elisecaleni, uKumkanikazi uphinde wajizeka uNelson Mandela ngeMbasa yokuGqwesa ngo-1996 xa wayetyelele.
Kwangelo xesha linye njengoko uThatcher wafumana uMyalelo weMerit, umyeni wakhe uDenis Thatcher ngokuphikisanayo wenziwa i-baronet yelifa. UMargaret Thatcher wonyulwa kwiNdlu yeeNkosi kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ngo-1992, kwaye waba nguBaroness Thatcher ngokwakhe.
UMargaret Thatcher wasweleka ngo-2013 - kwaye, ngokungaqhelekanga, uKumkanikazi wenza isigqibo sobuqu sokuya kumngcwabo walowo wayesakuba yiNkulumbuso, kanye njengoko wayenzile emva kokusweleka kukaWinston Churchill.
UMlondolozi 'Ukumkanikazi waya kumngcwabo kaChurchill ngo-1965, kodwa akukho ncwadi yemithetho elawula le meko ikhethekileyo, ngoko ke isigqibo sakhe sokuya, kunye neNkosana yase-Edinburgh, sinokutolikwa njengesenzo sobuqu kunye nesibalulekileyo, esibonisa intlonipho. waba ngowesibhozo noyena ukhonze ixesha elide kwinkulumbuso yakhe.'
Fumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga noMargaret Thatcher
Umboniso weCrown's Maka Thatcher ulahleka ngexesha lerali yemoto – yintoni inyani emva koko?
Unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi ngoDenis Thatcher? Sinayo yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga nomyeni kaMargaret.
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