umbane alchemy encinci
Umdlalo we-ITV uVictoria uthathe ikhefu kumdlalo wokudlala ngamandla kunye neebhola zesinxibo. Endaweni yoko, isiqendu sesithandathu sisithumela ngaphesheya koLwandle lwaseIreland ukuya kubona ezoyikiso zeNdlala eNkulu, ngelixa uKumkanikazi egxeka abaphathiswa bakhe ngokuma bengenzi nto.
Isibhengezo
Yayiyintoni indlala yeetapile zaseIreland?
Isivuno seetapile asiphumelelanga eIreland phakathi kowe-1845 nowe-1849, okukhokelele kwixesha lendlala kunye nezifo ezabulala abantu abasisigidi kubemi abazizigidi ezisibhozo. Kwakhokelela kwimfuduko enkulu yabantu abaninzi abafudukela kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kuqala ubomi obutsha phesheya-uninzi lwabo eMelika.
- Dibana nabalingisi beVictoria uthotho 2
- IVictoria uthotho 3 luya kuvavanya ukungavisisani ngokwesondo kumtshato wasebukhosini, utsho uDaisy Goodwin
- IVictoria uthotho 3 luqinisekisile noJenna Coleman noTom Hughes bobabini ababuyayo
Ukungaphumeleli kwesityalo kubangelwe sisifo seetapile, isifo esitshabalalisa amagqabi kunye neengcambu zesityalo seetapile. Ubumdaka buchithe izityalo zeetapile kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngeminyaka yoo-1840- kodwa imeko yaseIreland yayenza yababuhlungu ngokukodwa.
E-Ireland, phantse isiqingatha sabantu sasixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwizityebi zekhalori, zomelele, zineetapile ezinesondlo, kwaye abanye abantu bayitya imifuno ngobuninzi. Xa isivuno singazange siphumelele, abantu balamba.
AmaKatolika aseIreland ngaphambili ayengavunyelwanga ngumthetho ukuba ngumnini mhlaba. Oku kwatshintsha ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, kodwa ubunini bomhlaba babusagxile ezandleni zamaNgesi kunye neentsapho zamaProtestanti amaNgesi nama-Anglo-Irish (abahlala bengabanini bezindlu) ababengenalo igunya phezu kwabaqeshi babo. Ngama-1840, amafama amaninzi aqeshisayo ayekhona kwinqanaba lokutya kwizabelo ezincinane zomhlaba ezazingaboneleli ngokwaneleyo ngokutya nangeminyaka elungileyo.
Ngexesha lendlala, iklasi yobunini-mhlaba yayisathumela ingqolowa e-Ireland isiya eBritani, ixhamla kwi-Corn Laws eyayigcina ixabiso lesonka liphezulu ngokungeyonyani. Abantu baseIreland ngokwabo babengenakukuthenga ukutya okwakuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwelizwe labo.
Indlala enkulu yabaIndawo yokuhlangana yeentshukumo zelizwe laseIreland kunye nokwanda kwenzondo malunga nolawulo lwaseBritane.
Ngaba uKumkanikazi uVictoria kunye noMhlekazi Robert Peel bazamile ukungenelela kwindlala yeetapile zaseIreland?
Urhulumente wase-Bhritane wenze iinzame ezingasebenziyo (kunye nokungazinikeli) zokuphelisa indlala. Inkulumbuso e-Conservative uSir Robert Peel akakwazanga ukucenga iqela lakhe ukuba liphelise iMithetho yoMbona ngo-1845, kodwa wagunyazisa ukungeniswa kombona waseMelika e-United States. Oku kuncede kancinci- kodwa akonelanga.
ilanga umbala wokwenyani
U-Lord John Russell waba yi-Nkulumbuso ngoJuni ka-1846 njengenxalenye yekhabhinethi entsha ye-Whig. Wayefuna ukusebenzisa izixhobo zaseIreland kwimizamo yokunceda, ephosa uxanduva lwezezimali kubanini mhlaba baseIreland kunye nabanini mhlaba baseBritane abakhoyo ngokwabo. Kodwa xa iirenti zingasangeni, esona siphumo siqhelekileyo yayikukukhutshwa.
Ekugqibeleni iinzame zoncedo zazingonelanga kwaye zingaphelelanga entliziyweni. Ezinye iinkcuba-buchopho zase-Bhritane zilandela iimfundiso zikaMalthus, bekholelwa ukuba ingxaki ibilulungiso nje lwendalo kumazinga aphezulu okuzalwa kunye nokuxinana kwabantu, okanye ukuba umlinganiswa welizwe laseIreland unetyala.
Kwaye uVictoria? Wayenovelwano ngezinto ezoyikisayo ezenzeka eIreland kwaye wanikela nge- £ 2 000 kwizibonelelo zakhe (nangona kukho ibali lokuba, xa uSultan Abdulmecid woBukhosi base-Ottoman wanikela ukuthumela i-10 000 yeepawundi ukunceda, ummeli weKumkanikazi yamcela ukuba ayenze ithoni ukuhla ukuya kwi- £ 1,000 ukuze angabinantloni ukumkanikazi). Uye wabhala ileta egameni loMbutho woNcedo waseBritane, ecela imali yokuphelisa uxinzelelo eIreland.
Utyelelo lwaseburhulumenteni lokuqala olwalulindelwe e-Victoria e-Ireland lwafika ngo-Agasti ka-1849. Yalungiswa yi-Lord Lieutenant yase-Ireland, mhlawumbi ukutsala ezopolitiko zase-Bhritane kugqaliso lwento eyayisenzeka e-Ireland kodwa nanjengomsebenzi we propaganda wokuxhasa ulawulo lwase-Bhritane.
Indlala ibe nefuthe elibi kukuthandwa kweKumkanikazi, kodwa utyelelo lwayo lwabonakala luthomalalisa loo ntiyo. Inkqubo ye- U-Earl kaClarendon ubhale Abantu abahlali nje ngo-Queen kunye nobabalo lwendlela yakhe kunye nokuzithemba akubonakalisileyo kubo, kodwa bayonwabile ngokwabo ngeemvakalelo zabo ezilungileyo kunye nokuziphatha kwabo, abakuthatha njengokususa isithintelo esasikho kude kube ngoku phakathi koMongami nabo ngokwabo.
IsibhengezoUVictoria ngokwakhe walithanda ilizwe kwaye watyelela amatyeli aliqela kwishumi leminyaka elilandelayo. Kodwa ngoo-1870s no-1880s ubudlelwane babungonwabanga - ngakumbi xa iDublin Corporation yathumela umva intombazana ethandekayo uAlbert awayeyinike isipho.