Wayengubani uRené Descartes?

Ukuba uyazi malunga nentanda-bulumko, kufanele ukuba kukhuselekile ukucinga ukuba ulivile igama, uRené Descartes. Ngapha koko, ukuba ubuza ngaye nabani na, ingcamango yentanda-bulumko yanamhlanje inokulandelwa kanye kuye. Kanye nokuba nguYise weNzululwazi yale mihla, uDescartes wayekwayingcali yezibalo kunye nososayensi. Oku kuphelisa ingcamango yokuba ngabantu abanobuchule kuphela abagwetywe ukuba balale ebusuku, becinga kakhulu yonke into encinci kunye neemvakalelo. Kodwa ukuthatha iDescartes kusemva kombono we-cogito ergo sum, esiya kuthi siyigqume kamva, oko kuthetha ukuba sikhona.

Wayengubani uRené Descartes?

URené Descartes sisithandi sobulumko, isazi sezibalo nesazinzulu owazalelwa eFransi ngowe-1596. Okubaluleke kakhulu, Ukucamngca kwiFilosofi yokuQala . Kwi Ukucamngca... ', UDescartes waqala ukufuna ukuthandabuza kuyo yonke into awayeyazi: usapho lwakhe, abahlobo, ukutya awayekutya, kunye nempahla awayeyinxibile. Nayo yonke into awayeyifundile esikolweni. Ngenxa yophando lwakhe, wayekholelwa ukuba kunokubakho iingxoxo ezinengqiqo malunga nokuba kukho nantoni na.

Ithetha ukuthini iCogito Ergo Sum?

Kukho ihlaya phakathi kwabafundi befilosofi. Iqala nge-Descartes ehamba kwibhari. Ucela iBourbon, kwaye umphathi-bartender uyambuza ukuba angathanda na ematyeni. UDescartes uthi, Hayi, andicingi. Emva koko, uyanyamalala. Ukucacisa le joke, kufuneka sithethe ngayo, Cogito, ergo sum okanye, ngesiNgesi, ndiyacinga, ngenxa yoko ndinguye. Amathuba ukuba ukhe wayiva le nto ngaphambili, nokuba ukwifilosofi okanye hayi. Nangona kunjalo, iqhinga lokuyiqonda, ngokumangalisayo, ukuba ungayicingi kakhulu. U-Descartes waqalisa uhambo lokuzama ukufumana inyani yendalo iphela ekungekho namnye umntu onokuyithandabuza. Inye kuphela inyaniso awayifumanayo yeyokuba isenzo sokuthandabuza sifuna ingcamango eyayifuna ukuba abe nezo ngcinga. Ngoko ke, kwakuyinyaniso ukuba wayekho. Ngamanye amazwi, wayengowakhe ubungqina bokugqibela.

Kutheni le nto i-Descartes ithathwa njengoyise weNzululwazi yeNzululwazi?

Ukufuna kwamathandabuzo kaDescartes kunegama. Kwaziwa ngokuba yi-'methodological skepticism,' kwaye ukuqonda kwakhe ukuba 'ndicinga, ngoko ke ndinjalo' kwacaciswa kuye ukuba yedwa yayingumgaqo osisiseko wokuba nantoni na enokuthethwa ngayo okanye enokucinga ngayo inokuba yinyani. Nangona oku kunokubonakala ngathi yinto elula, eso sigqibo siye sakhuthaza kwaye sahlula iifilosofi kunye neengqiqo ngokufanayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukufikelela kwakhe kwaba kwaye kubanzi.

Loluphi uhlobo lwefilosofi awayeluqhelisela uDescartes?

UDescartes wayengumdlali ophambili kwintlangano yefilosofi eyaziwa ngokuba yingqiqo. Ingqiqo yindlela yokuqonda abantu kunye nehlabathi ngokusebenzisa ingqiqo njengendlela yokufunda. Oku kwakuyinxalenye enkulu yexesha apho uRené Descartes wayesenza into yakhe. Ingqiqo yazithatha iintanda-bulumko zamandulo zikaSocrates noPlato zazijikisa entloko ukuze zinike ithiyori yentanda-bulumko eqondakala ngakumbi. Enye enokuthi nabani na ayiqonde.

Liliphi igalelo elenziwa nguRené Descartes kwiMathematika?

UDescartes wayegqwesa kwimathematika, nangona wayethandabuza ngendlela eyayifundiswa ngayo. Waphinda waluthatha uthando lwakhe lwemathematika waya kubomi bakhe obudala. Ngapha koko, uninzi lweethiyori kunye neenkqubo zemathematika wena kunye nam esifunde ngazo zivela kuRene Descartes. La manani mancinane afika esiphelweni samanani amakhulu ukubonisa into 'ephindwe kabini' okanye 'i-cubed'? YayinguDescartes lowo. Ukongeza kuloo nto, wazisa into esiyaziyo ngoku njengeenowuthsi zealgebra eziqhelekileyo.

Yintoni eyenziwa nguDescartes kwiSayensi?

Olo bhalo luqhelekileyo lwealgebra aluzange lushiye nje ilifa elikhulu kwicandelo lezibalo. Zikwabalulekile kwiimpumelelo ezininzi zenzululwazi. Njengengcali yezibalo, uzukiswa ngokuseka isiseko sohlalutyo lwejometri. Ngaphandle kwejiyometri yohlalutyo - ekwabizwa ngokuba yiCartesian geometry ngamanye amaxesha - sisenokungabi nazo ubunjineli, ukubhabha emajukujukwini, okanye ukubhabha.

Ngaba uDescartes Wayekholelwa KuThixo?

Kweyakhe Ukucamngca... , iDescartes isinika iingxoxo ezimbini ngobukho bukaThixo. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba wayenobungqina bobukho bendoda eneendevu esibhakabhakeni. Wayenenkolelo nje. Ngoko ke, ngokwengcamango yakhe, uThixo ukho.

Yintoni iCartesian Dualism?

Nangona i-dualism ngokwayo yayikho kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba i-Descartes ibe yi-glimmer emehlweni ka-Madame kunye ne-Monsieur Descartes, i-Cartesian dualism yindlela umbini ochaphazela ngayo abantu. U-Descartes wayengumntu wokuqala ukubeka le nkcazo kwisenzo kunye namadoda. Ngokomzekelo, uDescartes wayekholelwa ukuba umntu uquka izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: Ingqondo kunye noMntu. Kuye, zazahlukile; njengoko kwakunjalo nengqondo kunye nengqondo. I-Cartesian dualism lukhetho lwesithathu olungavezwanga: Ingqondo kunye nengqondo ziyadityaniswa.

Zeziphi iiFilosofi Ezayisusa Impembelelo?

Ingxaki ngalo mbuzo kukuba iDescartes yaphembelela uninzi lweentanda-bulumko zaseNtshona ezalandelayo. Oko sele kutshiwo, ezinye izithandi zobulumko ezamlandela zaphenjelelwa ziingcamango zakhe neengcamango zakhe. Nokuba babecinga ngendlela efanayo nawayeyiyo okanye bazigatya ngokupheleleyo iingcinga zakhe, bashiya uphawu lwabo kwiingqondo ezikrelekrele njengezo zikaPascal noLocke.

Zeziphi ezinye zeDescartes ezigqwesileyo zoMsebenzi?

Ukuba ungathanda ukwazi ngakumbi ngoRene Descartes kunye neethiyori zakhe, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza ngayo kukufunda izimvo zakhe ngokwenu. Njengo Ukucamngca , ezinye iincwadi zakhe ekufanele zifundwe ziquka Intetho engoNdlela , Ihlabathi, kunye noNyango ngoMntu , kwaye Iminqweno yoMphefumlo '. Nangona kunjalo, uDescartes wayenomsebenzi omninzi kwimisebenzi yakhe kangangokuba kukho iminikelo engapheliyo.